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. 2026 Mar 10;76(765):e297–e308. doi: 10.3399/BJGP.2025.0369

Table 2. Summary of the proportion of patients and mean events per patient per month of the included healthcare use measures 12 to 1 month prediagnosis by diagnostic route.

Healthcare event type Emergency diagnosis ( n = 1491, 33%) Routine referral ( n = 1026, 23%) Urgent referral ( n = 1259, 28%) Othera ( n = 697, 16%) P-valueb
Proportion of patients with ≥1 event, n (%)
Consultations
 Any 1473 (98.8) 1023 (99.7) 1252 (99.4) 684 (98.1) <0.001
 With any selected six relevant symptomsc 859 (57.6) 669 (65.2) 891 (70.8) 400 (57.4) <0.001
 With any selected three respiratory symptomsd 791 (53.1) 610 (59.5) 833 (66.2) 355 (50.9) <0.001
 With cough 472 (31.7) 433 (42.2) 606 (48.1) 223 (32.0) <0.001
 With dyspnoea 533 (35.7) 327 (31.9) 367 (29.2) 210 (30.1) <0.001
 With haemoptysis 35 (2.3) 71 (6.9) 104 (8.3) 25 (3.6) <0.001
Imaging eventse
 Any chest imaging 604 (88.8) 449 (91.1) 552 (92.8) 244 (83.8) <0.001
 Chest X-ray 577 (84.9) 399 (80.9) 513 (86.2) 224 (77.0) <0.001
 Chest CT 341 (50.1) 353 (71.6) 465 (78.2) 179 (61.5) <0.001
Events per patient per month, mean (95% CI)f
Consultations
 Any 1.10 (1.02 to 1.17) 1.21 (1.11 to 1.30) 0.93 (0.86 to 1.00) 0.99 (0.89 to 1.09)
 With any selected six relevant symptomsc 0.06 (0.05 to 0.07) 0.09 (0.07 to 0.11) 0.08 (0.06 to 0.10) 0.07 (0.05 to 0.09)
 With any selected three respiratory symptomsd 0.05 (0.05 to 0.07) 0.05 (0.04 to 0.07) 0.05 (0.04 to 0.07) 0.06 (0.04 to 0.08)
 With cough 0.03 (0.02 to 0.03) 0.05 (0.03 to 0.06) 0.05 (0.04 to 0.06) 0.04 (0.02 to 0.05)
 With dyspnoea 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03) 0.03 (0.01 to 0.04)
 With haemoptysis 0.00 (0.00 to 0.00) 0.01 (0.00 to 0.01) 0.00 (0.00 to 0.01) 0.00 (0.00 to 0.00)
Imaging eventse
 Any chest imaging 0.04 (0.02 to 0.05) 0.06 (0.04 to 0.07) 0.04 (0.03 to 0.05) 0.05 (0.03 to 0.06)
 Chest X-ray 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) 0.04 (0.03 to 0.05) 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) 0.03 (0.02 to 0.05)
 Chest CT 0.01 (0.00 to 0.01) 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03) 0.01 (0.01 to 0.01) 0.01 (0.01 to 0.02)

aOther routes include: inpatient elective, other managed pathway, DCO (diagnosis by death certificate only), and unknown. 17 bOne-way ANOVA. cSymptoms include appetite loss, weight loss, fatigue, cough, dyspnoea, and haemoptysis. dSymptoms include cough, dyspnoea, and haemoptysis. eProportions calculated out of all patients diagnosed after 1 April 2012 (emergency presentation, n = 680; routine referral, n = 493; urgent referral, n = 595; and other, n = 291). fExcluding the month immediately before diagnosis. CT = computed tomography.