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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Apr 9.

Published in final edited form as: Knowl Based Syst. 2025 Nov 12;331:114810. doi: 10.1016/j.knosys.2025.114810

Table 6.

Zero-shot learning performance for particle picking using EMPIAR-10499 and CZII dataset.

	EMPIAR-10499			CZII
Method	Precision	Recall	F₁	Precision	Recall	F₁
VoxResNet	48.5	46.3	47.4	64.3	56.6	60.2
SwiFT	43.8	62.8	51.6	54.7	64.7	59.3
MVGFormer(MF-ZS)	53.2	63.5	57.9	69.6	63.7	66.5
MVGFormer(P3DA-ZS)	50.3	57.6	53.7	67.1	60.8	63.8
MVGFormer(MF-Fully)	59.4	75.0	66.8	76.0	77.8	76.9
MVGFormer(P3DA-Fully)	61.2	78.4	69.8	78.3	81.6	79.9

We use the bold and the underlined to represent the best results and the runner-ups, respectively.