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. 2026 Apr 7;16:11684. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47516-4

Table 2.

Contents of amino acid derivatives in mouse serum under different treatments (µmol/L).

Items Comparison of amino acid derivatives content P-value
CON PFOA OBS
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) 0.17±0.07 0.13±0.07 0.12±0.06 0.466
Taurine (Tau) 454.03±122.58 461.85±43.11 381.17±50.33 0.256
Citrulline (Cit) 54.50±7.15b 71.08±11.14ab 81.99±13.47a 0.006
Ornithine (Orn) 58.48±11.68 71.07±23.07 55.48±9.83 0.298
α-Aminoadipic Acid (AAA) 10.99±2.58a 6.20±0.80b 4.86±1.55b <0.001
α-Aminobutyric Acid (AABA) 4.38±0.81ab 3.92±0.91b 5.78±1.16a 0.027
α-Aminosuberic Acid (Asu) 0.13±0.11b 0.47±0.17a 0.34±0.12a 0.006
Cystathionine (Cth) 1.27±0.21 1.11±0.29 1.32±0.23 0.370
Homocitrulline (Hcit) 0.52±0.07b 0.61±0.08b 1.26±0.10a <0.001
Total Homocysteine (tHcy) 4.14±0.68b 8.44±1.45a 4.09±1.39b <0.001
1-Methylhistidine (1-MHis) 4.40±0.86b 7.13±1.26a 5.39±0.64b 0.002
3-Methylhistidine (3-MHis) 6.49±1.10b 8.80±1.68ab 9.51±1.77a 0.024
Carnitine (Car) 1.00±0.29 0.86±0.09 0.95±0.16 0.516
Ethanolamine (Etn) 15.75±2.08a 13.25±1.32ab 10.69±1.95b 0.003
Phosphoserine (P-Ser) 0.13±0.04a 0.03±0.03b 0.10±0.05a 0.005
Hydroxylysine (Hylys) 0.34±0.09 0.25±0.14 0.19±0.05 0.093
Sarcosine (Sar) 1.14±0.16b 0.82±0.23b 1.66±0.31a <0.001
Phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) 4.24±2.26a 1.20±0.35b 3.83±1.03a 0.012
Hydroxyproline (Hyp) 17.40±3.20a 10.19±2.77b 10.55±1.09b 0.001
β-Alanine (β-Ala) 9.39±2.43a 4.97±0.43b 4.21±0.88b <0.001
Kynurenine (Kyn) 0.57±0.14 0.48±0.09 0.58±0.12 0.356
Anserine (Ans) 1.22±0.23 1.1±0.24 1.18±0.22 0.696

In the same row, data with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P < 0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P > 0.05).