Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of SPN patients based on clinicopathological characteristics in the training cohort.
| Variable | Univariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P | |
| Age | |||
| < 40 | Reference | ||
| 40–59 | 4.50 | 1.38–14.68 | 0.013 |
| ≥ 60 | 7.69 | 1.91–31 | 0.004 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | Reference | ||
| Female | 0.41 | 0.13–1.28 | 0.124 |
| Year of diagnosis | |||
| 2000–2006 | Reference | ||
| 2007–2012 | 0.59 | 0.18–1.86 | 0.364 |
| 2013–2018 | 0.20 | 0.05–0.88 | 0.033 |
| Race | |||
| White | Reference | ||
| Black | 0.99 | 0.28–3.52 | 0.988 |
| Asian/Alaska Indian | 1.04 | 0.23–4.7 | 0.962 |
| Marital status | |||
| Single/Unmarried | Reference | ||
| Married | 1.62 | 0.49–5.33 | 0.424 |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 4.69 | 1.41–15.57 | 0.012 |
| Tumor location | |||
| Head of pancreas | Reference | ||
| Body of pancreas | 0.28 | 0.03–2.36 | 0.244 |
| Tail of pancreas | 0.42 | 0.13–1.32 | 0.136 |
| Others* | 1.07 | 0.3–3.8 | 0.917 |
| Tumor size (mm) | |||
| ≤ 60 | Reference | ||
| > 60 | 1.5 | 0.5–4.49 | 0.472 |
| Not specified | 3.87 | 1.11–13.57 | 0.034 |
| Surgery type | |||
| 0 | Reference | ||
| 1 | 0.09 | 0.02–0.34 | < 0.001 |
| 2 | 0.19 | 0.06–0.65 | 0.008 |
| 3 | 0.16 | 0.03–0.76 | 0.021 |
| Lymph nodes positive | |||
| 0 LN+ | Reference | ||
| 1–4 LN+ | 11.57 | 2.56–52.3 | 0.001 |
| Not specified | 5.42 | 1.68–17.5 | 0.005 |
| Regional LN dissected | |||
| 1–3 Reg | Reference | ||
| 4 or more Reg | 0.63 | 0.12–3.3 | 0.588 |
| None | 2.08 | 0.46–9.5 | 0.345 |
| SEER summary stage | |||
| Localized | Reference | ||
| Regional | 1.8 | 0.4–8.05 | 0.442 |
| Distant | 18.1 | 5.55–59.05 | < 0.001 |
| Unstaged | 2.26 | 0.24–20.96 | 0.471 |
*Others include Islets of Langerhans, other specified parts of pancreas and overlapping lesion of pancreas.
Operation category: 0: No surgery of primary site; 1: Local excision of tumor; Partial pancreatectomy; 2: Local or partial pancreatectomy and duodenectomy with or without distal/partial gastrectomy; 3: Other surgical approaches.