Table 2.
Basic characteristics of the included studies.
| First author, year | Type | Source data | Region | Patient recruitment years | Participants | Main outcome | Events/sample size (%) | EPV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cai, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2017–2020 | TAAD | Mortality at follow-up | 53/171 (31.0%) | 8 |
| Chen, 2023 | D/V | RC | China | 2017–2021 | ATAAD | Cerebral complications | 27/145 (18.6%) | 4 |
| Chen, 2021 | D/V | RC | China | 2016–2019 | ATAAD | LOS | -/353 | NI |
| Chen, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2015–2022 | ATAAD | Mortality at 30 d | 84/925 (9.1%) | 11 |
| Chen, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2018–2023 | ATAAD | AKI | 586/1350 (43.4%) | 59 |
| Dai, 2023 | D/V | RC | China | 2019–2022 | ATAAD | AKI | 191/265 (72.1%) | 21 |
| Dong, 2021 | D/V | RC | China | 2011–2018 | TBAD | Reintervention | 68/192 (35.4%) | 10 |
| Guo, 2021 | D/V | RC | China | 2015–2018 | AAD | In-hospital mortality | 273/1344 (20.3%) | 14 |
| Guo, 2022 | D/V | PC | China | 2019 | AAD | Mortality at 1 y | 142/695 (20.4%) | 16 |
| He, 2025 | D/V | AC | China | 2015–2024 | AAD | Mortality and aortic-related composite endpoint at follow-up | 44/405 (26.7%) | 4 |
| Jiang, 2023 | D/V | RC | China | 2013–2021 | ATAAD | Mortality at 30 d | 205/1411 (14.5%) | 23 |
| Jin, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2016–2022 | AAD | MMP | 87/5449 (1.6%) | 17 |
| Jin, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2015–2022 | AAD | MMP | 105/525 | 26 |
| Lei, 2024 | D/V | RC | the US | 2008–2019 | AD | In-hospital mortality | 152/1144 (13.3%) | 6 |
| Li, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2020–2024 | ATAAD | Postoperative CRRT | 64/588 (10.9%) | 11 |
| Li, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2019–2024 | TAAD | postoperative GIB | 63/525 (12.0%) | 7 |
| Li, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2020–2024 | AD | prolonged LOS (exceeding 30 days) | 111/506 (21.5%) | 22 |
| Li, 2024 | D | RC | China | 2015–2022 | ATAAD | Mortality at 30 d | 54/329 (16.5%) | 6 |
| Li, 2022 | D/V | RC | China | 2019–2021 | AAD | AKI | 120/173 (69.4%)* 81/283 (28.6%)** | 20 |
| Lin, 2023 | D/V | RC | China | 2012–2017 | ATAAD | death due to the dissection rupturing within 72 h after the CTA | 100/200 | 10 |
| Liu, 2024 | D/V | RC | China | 2018–2021 | ATAAD | AKI | 131/572 (22.9%) | 16 |
| Lu, 2024 | D/V | RC | China | 2015–2022 | uTBAD | Postoperative adverse outcomes | 182/369 (49.3%) | 15 |
| Luo, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2018–2023 | ATAAD | Major adverse outcomes | 160/635 (25.2%) | 15 |
| Ma, 2024 | D | RC | China | 2016–2021 | ATAAD | AGI | 60/188 (31.9%) | 15 |
| Pang, 2024 | D/V | RC | China | 2016–2021 | TBAD | Complicated TBAD | 44/180 (24.5%) | 9 |
| Pei, 2021 | D/V | RC | China | 2013–2017 | TAAD | MAEs | 426/1641 (26.0%) | 61 |
| Song, 2024 | D/V | RC | China | 2019–2023 | ATAAD | In-hospital mortality | 104/688 (15.1%) | 21 |
| Sun, 2024 | D/V | RC | China | 2014–2023 | ATAAD | Mortality at 3 y | -/976 | NI |
| Wang, 2023 | D/V | RC | China | 2015–2017 | ATAAD | MS-ARDS within 24 h | 243/594 (40.9%) | 22 |
| Wang, 2023 | D/V | RC | China | 2008–2020 | TBAD | Adverse aortic events | 26/119 (21.8%) | 4 |
| Wei, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2001–2019 | AAD | In-hospital AKI | 84/325 (25.9%) | 9 |
| Wei, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2017–2024 | ATAAD | postoperative pulmonary complications | 96/340 (28.2%) | 9 |
| Wen, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2020–2023 | AAD | Postoperative reintubation | 107/861 (12.4%) | 27 |
| Wu, 2023 | D/V | RC | China | 2004–2018 | AAD | In-hospital mortality | 55/380 (14.5%) | 11 |
| Xie, 2024 | D/V | RC | China | 2018–2022 | AAD | Postoperative adverse outcomes | 22/380 (5.8%)† 167/380 (44.0%)‡ | 19 |
| Xie, 2024 | D/V | RC | China | 2018–2022 | AAD with malnutrition | MAEs | 40/308 (13.0%)† 87/308 (28.3%)‡ | 12 |
| Zhang, 2024 | D/V | RC | China | 2017–2022 | TAAD | Mortality at 1 y | 106/289 (36.7%) | 13 |
| Zhang, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2015–2020 | ATAAD | Mortality at 30 d | 37/640 (5.8%) | 4 |
| Zhang, 2025 | D/V | RC | China | 2013–2023 | AAD | Mortality at 30 d | 145/782 (18.5%) | 10 |
| Zhao, 2021 | D/V | RC | China | 2015–2019 | ATAAD | Pre-operation AIS | 86/300 (28.7%) | 22 |
AAD, acute aortic dissection; AC, ambidirectional cohort study; AD, aortic dissection; AGI, acute gastrointestinal injury; AIS, acute ischemic stroke; AKI, acute kidney injury; ATAAD, acute type A aortic dissection; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; D, development study; GIB, Gastrointestinal bleeding; MAEs, major adverse events; MMP, mesenteric malperfusion; MS-ARDS, moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome; PC, prospective cohort study; RC, retrospective cohort study; TAAD, type A aortic dissection; TBAD, type B aortic dissection; uTBAD, uncomplicated Stanford type B aortic dissection; V, validation study.
TAAAD
TBAAD
In-hospital mortality
Postoperative adverse outcome rate.
Formula: EPV = Number of Events/Number of Predictor Variables.
According to the PROBAST guideline, studies with an EPV <10 were considered to be at high risk of overfitting.