Table 1.
Summary of key empirical studies on finance, environment, and health.
| References | Sample | Period | Methodology | Key variables | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adewale (10) | BRICS | 1990–2015 | Fixed effects | Finance, growth | Financial development promotes economic growth |
| Grossman and Krueger (4) | Global | 1970–1988 | Panel regression | Income, pollution | EKC relationship between income and pollution |
| Dontoh et al. (2024) | Middle-income countries | 2000–2020 | GMM | Banking outreach, CO2 | Financial Access reduces emissions |
| Tian et al. (2024) | China | 2008–2021 | Panel FE | Bank branches, ESG | Branch expansion improves environmental performance |
| Lai et al. (2025) | Vietnam | 2005–2022 | Time series | PM2.5, IMR | Pollution increases child mortality |
| Al-Saqry et al. (2025) | GCC countries | 1995–2020 | Panel analysis | Pollution, health | Air quality worsens infant mortality |
| Huan et al. (2026) | Global | 2000–2021 | Spatial analysis | Renewables, SDGs | Clean energy improves health and sustainability |