Table 3.
Descriptive statistics.
| Variable | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max | Obs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBBR (Commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults) | 14.82 | 8.31 | 3.05 | 38.42 | 115 |
| RENW (% of total final energy consumption) | 21.67 | 10.52 | 7.84 | 48.29 | 115 |
| IMR (Infant mortality rate, per 1,000 live births) | 23.81 | 18.95 | 3.50 | 67.80 | 115 |
| U5MR (Under-five mortality rate, per 1,000 live births) | 31.74 | 22.65 | 4.20 | 92.10 | 115 |
| GDPPC (GDP per capita, constant US$) | 9,846.23 | 5,912.67 | 1,127.45 | 24,673.88 | 115 |
| URB (Urban population, % of total population) | 63.42 | 15.28 | 33.10 | 92.04 | 115 |
| CO2E (CO2 emissions, Mt CO2e) | 1,824.54 | 2,653.31 | 52.40 | 9,821.60 | 115 |
| PM2.5 (PM2.5 exposure, μg/m3) | 38.59 | 16.74 | 10.20 | 78.30 | 115 |
| GOV (Government expenditure, % of GDP) | 12.35 | 3.48 | 5.21 | 20.15 | 115 |
| EFCS (Energy use/fossil fuel consumption share, % of total energy use) | 65.23 | 12.49 | 40.10 | 85.90 | 115 |
| GDPPC2 (GDP per capita squared, constant US$) | 9.7 × 107 | 7.0 × 107 | 1.3 × 106 | 6.1 × 108 | 115 |
Descriptive statistics are based on panel averages across BRICS countries from 2001 to 2023.