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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Apr 10.

Published in final edited form as: Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2022 Sep 26;307:103964. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103964

Table 2.

Cardiovascular measurements during cough induced hyperventilation (CHV) and isocapnia.

	CHV	Isocapnia
Measure	Mean ± SE	Mean ± SE	Δ (%)	Test	T/Z-score	p -value
Respiratory
ETCO₂(mmHg)	11.8 ± 0.7	31.5 ± 0.7	168	P	−22.1	<0.001 ^***
PaCO₂ (mmHg)	17.7 ± 0.9	32.3 ± 1.4	82	W	−2.61	0.009 ^##
Cardiovascular
Systolic (mmHg)	154.8 ± 7.4	163.0 ± 8.1	5	P	−3.08	0.028 ^*
Diastolic (mmHg)	106.6 ± 7.5	119.1 ± 8.1	12	P	−3.28	0.022 ^*
Pulse Pressure (mmHg)	48.2 ± 0.9	43.9 ± 1.9	−9	P	2.57	0.049 ^*
Mean Arterial Pressure (mmHg)	122.7 ± 7.4	133.7 ± 8.1	9	P	−3.28	0.022 ^*
Heart Rate (Beats/min)	208.6 ± 6.0	201.8 ± 6.5	−3	P	1.80	0.132
Acid-base
pH	7.52 ± 0.02	7.42 ± 0.02	−1.33	P	10.80	<0.001 ^***

ETCO₂, end-tidal CO₂; PaCO₂, arterial CO₂.

Paired t-test (P)

^{*** =}

p < 0.001,

^{** =}

p < 0.01,

^{* =}

p < 0.05

Wilcoxon singed-rank test (W)

^{### =}

p < 0.001,

^{## =}

p < 0.01,

^{# =}

p < 0.05

ETCO2 n = 12, PaCO2 n = 9, pH n = 9, Cardiovascular n = 6