. 2026 Mar 31;26:297. doi: 10.1186/s12888-026-08029-6

Table 2.

Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between responder and non-responder patients

Variable		SQLS(Mean ± SD)						PS(Mean ± SD)							ME(Mean ± SD)							SS(Mean ± SD)
Variable		Responders	Non-responders		t	P	Responders		Non-responders			t	P	Responders		Non- responders			t	P	Responders		Non- responders			t	P
individuals, n		171	64					175		60					145		90					195		40
Age, year		42.9 ± 7.7	45.7 ± 10.9	0.82		0.976		44.7 ± 8.9		44.1 ± 10.4	0.30		0.453		44.4 ± 9.6		43.8 ± 7.8	-0.43		0.287		43.9 ± 9.0		45.4 ± 9.4	0.98		0.297
Age of one set, year		25.1 ± 7.8	23.7 ± 8.9	-0.82		0.976		25.2 ± 8.1		26.9 ± 13.9	-1.23		0.393		24.8 ± 7.8		25.2 ± 8.3	-0.57		0.428		24.8 ± 7.9		24.9 ± 8.0	1.04		0.168
Duration of illness, year		16.8 ± 8.7	20.1 ± 14.4	1.31		0.105		16.8 ± 8.8		20.1 ± 14.3	-1.79		0.145		17.5 ± 10.3		16.7 ± 8.0	0.33		0.726		16.9 ± 8.9		18.9 ± 12.8	0.09		0.683
Baseline SQLS
Total SQLS		37.4 ± 16.1	23.7 ± 2.5	*-4.76*		*0.013*		36.1 ± 16.8		29.9 ± 14.7	-1.94		0.123		36.2 ± 16.4		32.7 ± 14.2	1.41		0.195		36.9 ± 16.8		28.8 ± 14.2	-3.01		0.033
PS		20.2 ± 13.1	30.7 ± 16.2	-3.28		0.041		30.6 ± 16.2		20.9 ± 13.9	-3.43		0.014		29.4 ± 16.3		29.1 ± 16.2	-0.13		0.925		31.1 ± 16.3		21.8 ± 13.4	-3.83		0.023
ME		47.9 ± 14.9	38.5 ± 16.0	-3.41		0.047		46.7 ± 15.7		45.7 ± 15.7	-0.31		0.199		48.6 ± 15.7		40.5 ± 12.8	- *4.97*		*0.004*		46.2 ± 14.9		48.1 ± 17.1	0.70		0.375
SS		21.5 ± 14.7	15.6 ± 14.0	-1.791		0.409		21.5 ± 14.9		16.9 ± 13.4	-1.56		0.330		20.1 ± 14.7		23.1 ± 14.9	1.16		0.214		21.9 ± 14.6		11.5 ± 12.6	-3.33		0.027
Baseline PHQ-9		5.9 ± 5.0	3.3 ± 4.7	-3.36		*0.039*		5.7 ± 4.9		5.0 ± 6.6	-0.63		0.476		5.9 ± 5.2		4.6 ± 4.2	*-1.99*		*0.024*		5.9 ± 5.0		4.5 ± 5.0	-1.66		0.425
Baseline GAD-7		4.8 ± 4.2	2.2 ± 3.0	-4.63		*0.005*		4.5 ± 4.1		4.1 ± 4.6	-0.56		0.482		4.8 ± 4.4		3.4 ± 3.0	*-2.69*		*0.012*		4.6 ± 4.0		4.1 ± 4.9	-0.57		0.953
Baseline AD8		1.26 ± 2.0	2.7 ± 2.2	*-3.85*		*0.022*		1.9 ± 2.3		2.5 ± 2.2	-1.42		0.134		2.7 ± 2.2		2.0 ± 3.0	*-2.07*		*0.015*		2.6 ± 2.2		2.2 ± 2.3	-0.86		0.256
Baseline TESS		6.4 ± 8.3	4.3 ± 8.2	*-4.16*		*0.001*		11.9 ± 14.3		6.9 ± 9.2	-*2.94*		*0.012*		14.0 ± 1.1		13.2 ± 1.7	-1.65		0.106		12.2 ± 14.5		6.8 ± 9.8	*-2.99*		0.036
Baseline RSESE		1.6 ± 2.9	1.6 ± 3.5	0.08		0.434		1.6 ± 2.9		1.4 ± 3.3	-0.32		0.561		1.6 ± 2.9		1.6 ± 3.3	0.13		0.972		1.7 ± 2.8		1.1 ± 3.6	-0.92		0.695
Baseline DDD		13.0 ± 6.5	12.6 ± 6.6	0.05		0.423		12.6 ± 6.6		13.0 ± 6.6	0.34		0.290		12.3 ± 6.8		13.6 ± 6.1	1.26		0.243		12.1 ± 6.5		14.3 ± 7.1	1.75		0.087
Baseline BPRS
Total BPRS		34.0 ± 12.7	29.9 ± 10.8	-2.01		0.046		33.8 ± 12.3		29.7 ± 13.2	-1.80		0.744		33.0 ± 12.1		34.5 ± 13.8	0.59		0.195		33.0 ± 11.6		27.8 ± 14.8	-3.43		0.009
Anxiety/Depression		8.8 ± 3.7	6.7 ± 3.3	*-3.28*		*0.003*		8.6 ± 3.8		7.7 ± 3.6	-1.27		0.446		8.6 ± 3.6		8.0 ± 4.1	-1.01		0.676		8.7 ± 3.7		7.2 ± 3.6	-2.46		0.026
Negative Symptoms		7.7 ± 3.2	7.3 ± 4.1	-0.63		0.408		7.6 ± 3.3		8.3 ± 3.9	1.03		0.617		7.5 ± 3.3		9.1 ± 3.6	*4.07*		*0.005*		7.7 ± 3.4		7.6 ± 3.4	-0.18		0.857
Positive Symptoms		7.0 ± 3.3	7.0 ± 3.5	-0.51		0.552		6.8 ± 3.2		7.8 ± 3.9	1.37		0.410		6.9 ± 3.2		7.1 ± 3.6	0.57		0.214		7.2 ± 3.3		6.6 ± 3.2	-1.04		0.173
Activation		4.9 ± 2.4	4.4 ± 2.4	-1.15		0.233		4.8 ± 2.4		5.2 ± 2.5	0.74		0.723		4.8 ± 2.2		5.1 ± 2.8	0.65		0.423		4.9 ± 2.5		4.4 ± 2.1	-1.62		0.144
Resistance		5.4 ± 2.7	4.8 ± 2.7	-1.20		0.287		5.3 ± 2.7		5.8 ± 3.2	0.88		0.471		5.3 ± 2.7		5.5 ± 3.0	0.50		0.769		5.5 ± 2.9		4.8 ± 2.2	-1.80		0.123
		n	n	χ2		P		n		n	χ2		P		n		n	χ2		P		n		n	χ2		P
Sex
Male		89	39	1.48		0.242		90		38	2.55		0.133		80		48	0.08		0.789		106		22	0.01		0.999
Female		82	25					85		22					65		42					89		18
Education
High school or below		86	24	3.06		0.106		83		27	0.11		0.765		72		38	1.23		0.284		96		14	2.70		0.121
Above high school		85	40					92		33					73		52					99		26
Marital status
Unmarried		84	43	*6.12*		*0.018*		90		37	1.89		0.873		71		56	3.93		0.059		103		24	0.69		0.487
Married		87	21					85		23					74		34					92		16
Family history of mental illness
Yes	30		7	1.53		0.314		32		5	3.34		0.099		20		17	1.09		0.357		35		2	4.19		0.054
No	141		57					143		55					125		73					160		38
Chronic physical disease
Yes	22		11	0.72		0.404		23		10	0.46		0.521		16		17	2.84		0.122		27		5	0.06		0.999
No	149		53					152		50					129		73					167		35
Employment
Yes	11		4	0.03		0.999		11		4	0.01		0.099		12		3	2.27		0.173		11		4	1.06		0.294
No	160		60					164		56					133		87					184		36
Live alone
Yes	12		8	1.80		0.194		14		6	0.23		0.601		13		7	0.10		0.814		17		3	0.06		0.999
No	159		56					161		54					132		83					178		37
On Activating antipsychotics
Yes	38		9	1.94		0.201		40		7	3.49		0.064		34		13	2.81		0.130		37		10	0.75		0.390
No	133		55					135		53					111		77					158		30
Economic support
Yes	71		16	*4.45*		*0.023*		73		14	*6.47*		*0.013*		52		35	0.22		0.678		71		16	0.18		0.720
No	100		48					102		46					93		55					124		24

The significance level after Holm-Bonferroni correction was set at 0.05/4 for SQLS, and 0.05/ 6 for BPRS

Abbreviation: SQLS: Quality of Life Scale; PS: Psychosocial; ME: Motivation/ Energy; SS: Symptoms/ Side effects; PHQ-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; AD8, The Ascertain Dementia; TESS, Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale; RSESE, Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects; DDD: defined daily doses; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Economic support: Financial aids from the government or the disabled persons’ federation in China for mentally disabled patients

Data are reported as Mean ± SD, unless indicated otherwise