Table 2.
The physiological, hematological, biochemical parameters and rumen volatile fatty acid during thermoneutral and heat stress exposure in zebu calves
| Physiological Parameters | ||||
| Parameter | Thermoneutral | Heat Stress | SEM | P Value |
| Rectal Temperature (° C) | 38.579 | 39.324 | 0.047 | 0.001 |
| Respiration rate (Breathes /Minute) | 16.667 | 30.667 | 2.144 | 0.001 |
| PR (beats/minute) | 66.667 | 71.333 | 2.666 | 0.141 |
| Hematological Parameters | ||||
| WBC (103/ µL) | 11.217 | 10.367 | 1.322 | 0.126 |
| Lymphocyte (%) | 72.517 | 71.900 | 2.673 | 0.827 |
| Granulocyte (%) | 31.200 | 27.133 | 3.301 | 0.273 |
| Red Blood Cells (Millions/µL) | 8.527 | 7.585 | 0.381 | 0.007 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.033 | 9.600 | 3.804 | 0.004 |
| PCV | 33.067 | 28.050 | 1.156 | 0.005 |
| Biochemical Parameters | ||||
| AST (IU/mL) | 71.879 | 47.432 | 5.489 | 0.007 |
| ALT (IU/mL) | 30.117 | 28.642 | 3.562 | 0.696 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 63.537 | 43.727 | 5.400 | 0.014 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 24.597 | 27.277 | 3.236 | 0.445 |
| Cortisol (ng/mL) | 5.221 | 7.831 | 0.470 | 0.003 |
| HSP-70 (ng/mL) | 11.070 | 10.389 | 1.156 | 0.581 |
| HSP-90 (ng/mL) | 74.145 | 81.951 | 8.292 | 0.390 |
| IL-6 (ng/mL) | 40.444 | 48.530 | 3.804 | 0.047 |
| TNF-α (ng/mL) | 15.617 | 15.063 | 1.39 | 0.324 |
| Rumen Volatile Fatty Acid | ||||
| TVFA | 3.408 | 3.2300 | 0.468 | 0.719 |
| Acetate (%) | 73.245 | 72.642 | 3.562 | 0.696 |
| Propionate (%) | 19.100 | 18.920 | 3.375 | 0.960 |
| Butyrate (%) | 7.663 | 8.605 | 3.236 | 0.771 |
| A: P ratio | 4.023 | 4.120 | 0.677 | 0.892 |