Table 2.

Summary of material productivity strategies

SECTOR	PUTTING LESS IN (PRODUCTION)	GETTING MORE OUT (CONSUMPTION)
CLOTHING & TEXTILES	Reduce supply chain waste through efficiency improvements in fibre and yarn production, dyeing and finishing	Dispose of less and reuse more Dispose of less and recycle more Use for longer
FOOD & DRINK	Reduce avoidable food waste in food services and hospitality sectors	Reduce avoidable household food waste
PACKAGING	Reduce weight of packaging (metal, plastic, paper, glass) Waste prevention	n/a
VEHICLES	Reduce steel, aluminium and additional weight without material or alloy changes Yield improvement (metals) in car structures through cutting techniques Steel fabrication yield improvement Reuse discarded steel products	Shift from recycling to refurbishing Car clubs Use cars longer
ELECTRONICS, APPLIANCES AND MACHINERY	Reduce steel without material or alloy changes Steel fabrication yield improvement Reuse discarded steel products in industrial equipment	Sharing less frequent electrical appliances (e.g. hoovers), power tools and leisure equipment Use for longer Remanufacturing instead of throwing away
CONSTRUCTION	Design optimisation to reduce material inputs Material substitution Material reuse	n/a
Furniture*	Reduce steel without material or alloy changes	Dispose of less and reuse more Dispose of less and recycle more

^*Emissions embodied in furniture was less than 1 MtCO₂e therefore we include savings in the overall emissions, but do not show them in the sector level analysis.