Table 4.

Model-based standardized Z and T scores and centiles for gait speed by sex and age group.

	Female								Male
	Mean ± SD	5th	15th	20th	50th	75th	85th	95th	Mean ± SD	5th	15th	20th	50th	75th	85th	95th
Total	1.12 ± 0.37	0.58	0.8	0.85	1.09	1.27	1.5	1.82	1.12 ± 0.37	0.6	0.79	0.85	1.08	1.24	1.5	1.84
Z score		−1.45	−0.87	−0.73	−0.09	0.4	1.02	1.88		−1.4	−0.89	−0.73	−0.11	0.32	1.02	1.94
T score		35	41	43	49	54	60	69		36	41	43	49	53	60	69
Middle age	1.21 ± 0.36	0.75	0.92	1	1.13	1.38	1.51	1.9	1.23 ± 0.37	0.75	0.93	1	1.17	1.4	1.54	1.96
Z score		−1.3	−0.82	−0.59	−0.21	0.48	0.85	1.94		−1.28	−0.79	−0.61	−0.14	0.46	0.83	1.94
T score		37	42	44	48	55	59	69		37	42	44	49	55	58	69
Elderly	1.05 ± 0.37	0.5	0.72	0.76	1	1.2	1.41	1.71	1.05 ± 0.35	0.55	0.75	0.8	1	1.2	1.36	1.67
Z score		−1.49	−0.91	−0.78	−0.13	0.41	0.98	1.79		−1.43	−0.86	−0.72	−0.15	0.41	0.86	1.74
T score		35	41	42	49	54	60	68		36	41	43	48	54	59	67
40–44 yr	1.22 ± 0.31	0.77	0.91	0.95	1.18	1.4	1.53	1.78	1.26 ± 0.36	0.8	0.93	0.98	1.22	1.47	1.63	1.95
Z score		−1.43	−1.01	−0.86	−0.12	0.59	1.02	1.82		−1.29	−0.93	−0.8	−0.13	0.57	1.01	1.9
T score		36	40	41	49	56	60	68		37	41	42	49	56	60	69
45–49 yr	1.24 ± 0.37	0.76	0.9	0.95	1.2	1.43	1.57	1.83	1.29 ± 0.38	0.78	0.92	0.97	1.22	1.47	1.63	1.95
Z score		−1.3	−0.91	−0.78	−0.11	0.52	0.91	1.62		−1.32	−0.97	−0.84	−0.19	0.48	0.9	1.74
T score		37	41	42	49	55	59	66		37	40	42	48	55	59	67
50–54 yr	1.23 ± 0.36	0.73	0.88	0.94	1.19	1.44	1.58	1.85	1.24 ± 0.38	0.76	0.89	0.94	1.19	1.45	1.61	1.92
Z score		−1.38	−0.96	−0.82	−0.11	0.56	0.96	1.71		−1.26	−0.9	−0.77	−0.11	0.55	0.97	1.79
T score		36	40	42	49	56	60	67		37	41	42	49	56	60	68
55–59 yr	1.2 ± 0.31	0.7	0.86	0.91	1.18	1.43	1.58	1.85	1.22 ± 0.36	0.72	0.86	0.91	1.16	1.41	1.56	1.86
Z score		−1.6	−1.11	−0.93	−0.08	0.72	1.2	2.08		−1.38	−0.99	−0.86	−0.17	0.52	0.94	1.76
T score		34	39	41	49	57	62	71		36	40	41	48	55	59	68
60–64 yr	1.18 ± 0.39	0.65	0.81	0.87	1.14	1.4	1.55	1.83	1.17 ± 0.38	0.68	0.82	0.87	1.12	1.36	1.51	1.8
Z score		−1.33	−0.92	−0.78	−0.09	0.56	0.94	1.64		−1.29	−0.91	−0.78	−0.12	0.53	0.92	1.68
T score		37	41	42	49	56	59	66		37	41	42	49	55	59	67
65–69 yr	1.13 ± 0.35	0.6	0.76	0.82	1.09	1.35	1.5	1.77	1.12 ± 0.35	0.64	0.78	0.83	1.08	1.32	1.46	1.74
Z score		−1.52	−1.06	−0.89	−0.12	0.6	1.02	1.79		−1.38	−0.98	−0.83	−0.12	0.57	0.99	1.77
T score		35	39	41	49	56	60	68		36	40	42	49	56	60	68
70–74 yr	1.06 ± 0.36	0.52	0.69	0.74	1.01	1.26	1.4	1.67	1.07 ± 0.33	0.58	0.73	0.78	1.03	1.26	1.4	1.67
Z score		−1.5	−1.05	−0.89	−0.13	0.56	0.97	1.7		−1.47	−1.04	−0.89	−0.15	0.57	1	1.79
T score		35	39	41	49	56	60	67		35	40	41	49	56	60	68
75–79 yr	0.94 ± 0.37	0.44	0.6	0.65	0.91	1.14	1.27	1.51	1 ± 0.35	0.5	0.64	0.69	0.94	1.18	1.32	1.58
Z score		−1.37	−0.95	−0.8	−0.1	0.53	0.89	1.55		−1.43	−1.02	−0.88	−0.17	0.5	0.9	1.64
T score		36	41	42	49	55	59	65		36	40	41	48	55	59	66
≥ 80 yr	0.78 ± 0.3	0.36	0.5	0.55	0.79	1	1.12	1.34	0.85 ± 0.35	0.4	0.55	0.6	0.85	1.08	1.22	1.47
Z score		−1.41	−0.93	−0.77	0.01	0.71	1.11	1.82		−1.26	−0.85	−0.71	0	0.67	1.06	1.78
T score		36	41	42	50	57	61	68		37	41	43	50	57	61	68

Values are presented as model-based mean ± standard deviation (SD) and percentile cutoffs (5th, 15th, 20th, 50th, 75th, 85th, and 95th) for gait speed. Gait speed is expressed in meters per second (m/s). Percentiles and standardized scores were derived from sex- and age-specific GAMLSS models; Z scores were calculated as Z = (X − μ)/σ and converted to T scores using T = 50 + 10 × Z. Data are stratified by sex and age group.

SD, standard deviation.