H. hepaticus strain identification via PCR prior to A/JCr mouse inoculation and after isolation from feces at 3 months postinfection. Three pairs of primers, targeting genes Hh0083, Hh0236, and Hh0298, were utilized to differentiate H. hepaticus strains (see the text). Hh3B1 is in lanes 1, 5, and 9. HhG is in lanes 2, 6, and 10. HhNET is in lanes 3, 7, and 11. The length of the PCR products was 461 base pairs.