Copy numbers of uspA1 (A and B), hag (C), and recA (D) at various temperatures. A culture of M. catarrhalis O35E was grown to mid-logarithmic phase and split into equal portions, which were exposed to different temperatures. RNA was extracted after 1 h, and copy numbers were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Panel A, screening experiment identifying the temperature-associated maximum copy number of uspA1; panels B to D, copy numbers of uspA1, hag, and recA at physiologically relevant temperatures. Means from three independent experiments are shown (error bars indicate standard deviations).