| TCM | Traditional Chinese medicine |
| NSCLC | Non-small cell lung cancer |
| PD-L1 | Programmed Death-Ligand 1 |
| circ-0003074 | circular RNA 0003074 |
| miR-516b-5p | MicroRNA-516b-5p |
| KPNA4 | Karyopherin Alpha 4 |
| PCD | Programmed cell death |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| GPX4 | Glutathione peroxidase 4 |
| HSCs | Hepatic stellate cells |
| GRg5 | Ginsenoside Rg5 |
| GRb1 | Ginsenoside Rb1 |
| GRg3 | Ginsenoside Rg3 |
| NR3C1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 |
| HSPB1 | Heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 |
| NCOA4 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| GRK1 | Ginsenoside RK1 |
| FSP1 | Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 |
| GCK | Ginsenoside compound K |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| AKT | Protein kinase B |
| FOXO1 | Forkhead Box O1 |
| SLC7A11 | Solute family 7-member 11 |
| GBC | Gallbladder cancer |
| CD8+T | CD8-positive T |
| ERS | Endoplasmic reticulum stress |
| circFOXP1 | Circular RNA FOXP1 |
| miR-447a | MicroRNA-447a |
| RCC | Renal cell carcinoma |
| GRh4 | Ginsenoside Rh4 |
| NRF2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| CRC | Colorectal cancer |
| GRh3 | Ginsenoside Rh3 |
| GSDMD | Gasdermin D |
| Stat3 | Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 |
| p53 | Tumor Protein p53 |
| MM | Multiple myeloma |
| SIRT2 | Sirtuin 2 |
| FTH1 | Ferritin heavy chain 1 |
| ACSL4 | Long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 4 |
| α-SMA | α-smooth muscle actin |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| BECN1 | Beclin-1 |
| DNMT3B | DNA methyltransferase 3B |
| GRh2 | Ginsenoside Rh2 |
| IRF1 | Interferon regulatory factor 1 |
| HK2 | Hexokinase 2 |
| LPCAT3 | Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 |
| ALOX | Arachidonate Lipoxygenase |
| ALI | Acute liver injury |
| AREs | Antioxidant response elements |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| HO-1 | Heme oxygenase-1 |
| SQSTM1/p62 | Sequestosome 1 |
| LC3A/B | Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3A/B |
| GRd | Ginsenoside Rd |
| CCl4 | Carbon tetrachloride |
| cGAS | Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase |
| STING | Stimulator of Interferon Genes |
| HIBD | Hypoxic–ischemic brain injury |
| SAH | Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| TfR | Transferrin receptor |
| DHODH | Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase |
| EBI | Early brain injury |
| MI | Myocardial ischemia |
| PCI | Percutaneous coronary intervention |
| TAC | Transverse aortic coarctation |
| MI/R | Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion |
| Keap1 | Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 |
| GRe | Ginsenoside Re |
| HAPE | High-altitude pulmonary edema |
| TFRC | Transferrin receptor |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| GRg1 | Ginsenoside Rg1 |
| PERK | Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase |
| ATF4 | Activating transcription factor 4 |
| UC | Ulcerative colitis |
| 5-ASA | 5-aminosalicylic acid |
| DSS | Dextran sulfate sodium |
| NDDs | Neurodegenerative disease |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| PD | Parkinson’s disease |
| AIM2 | melanoma 2 |
| DMT1 | Divalent metal transporter 1 |
| CLP | Cecal ligation and perforation |
| SI-MD | Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction |
| BIM | Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death |
| PUMA | p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis |
| FAK | Focal adhesion kinase |
| SI-AKI | Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury |
| CoQ10-NAD(P)H | Coenzyme Q10-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Phosphate) Hydrogen |