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. 2026 Mar 27;15(7):1147. doi: 10.3390/foods15071147
ER Endoplasmic reticulum
GAGs Glycosaminoglycans
PGs Proteoglycans
ECM Extracellular matrix
MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases
UPR Unfolded protein response
TIMP-1 Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1
HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
TEM Transmission electron microscope
FT-IR Fourier transform infrared
TGA Thermogravimetric analyzer
CD Circular dichroism
ROS Reactive oxygen species