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. 2026 Mar 27;27(7):3047. doi: 10.3390/ijms27073047
ACTA2 Actin Alpha 2, Smooth Muscle
bFGF Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
BMP2 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
CCN2/CTGF Cellular Communication Network Factor 2/Connective Tissue Growth Factor
PTGS2/COX2 Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Cyclooxygenase-2)
COL3A1 Collagen Type III Alpha 1 Chain
ELF3 E74 Like ETS Transcription Factor 3
FN1 Fibronectin 1
GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
IL-1α Interleukin-1 Alpha
IL-1β Interleukin-1 Beta
IL-6 Interleukin-6
LF Ligamentum Flavum
LFH Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy
LFC Ligamentum Flavum Cells
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
LSS Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
MMP2 Matrix Metalloproteinase-2
MMP9 Matrix Metalloproteinase-9
MMP13 Matrix Metalloproteinase-13
POSTN Periostin
qPCR/RT-qPCR Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction/Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR
RUNX2 Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2
TGFβ/TGFβ1 Transforming Growth Factor Beta/Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1
TLR4 Toll-Like Receptor 4
TNFRSF11B Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 11B