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. 2026 Mar 29;15(7):2615. doi: 10.3390/jcm15072615
AAb/AAbs autoantibody/autoantibodies
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACM arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
AF atrial fibrillation
AHA/s anti-heart autoantibody/autoantibodies
AIDA/s anti-intercalated disk autoantibody/autoantibodies
ALVC arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy
AMA/s anti-myosin autoantibody/autoantibodies
APCs antigen-presenting cells
AT1R angiotensin II type 1 receptor
AT1R-AAbs autoantibodies against AT1R
AT2R-AAbs autoantibodies against angiotensin II type 2 receptor
βAR/βARs β-adrenergic receptor/s
β1AR β1-adrenergic receptor
β1AR-AAbs autoantibodies against β1AR
β2AR β2-adrenergic receptor
β2AR-AAbs autoantibodies against β2AR
cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CMR cardiac magnetic resonance
COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2
COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019
CRT calreticulin
cTn cardiac troponin
cTnI cardiac troponin I
cTnT cardiac troponin T
DCM dilated cardiomyopathy
DSC2 desmocollin-2
DSG2 desmoglein-2
DSP desmoplakin
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMB endomyocardial biopsy
ER endoplasmic reticulum
ESC European Society of Cardiology
ETAR endothelin-1 type A receptor
ETAR-AAbs autoantibodies against ETAR
FCM Fabry cardiomyopathy
GDMT guideline-directed medical therapy
GPCR/s G protein-coupled receptor/s
GPCR-AAbs G protein-coupled receptor autoantibodies
HF heart failure
HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HFrEF heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HTx heart transplantation
IA immunoadsorption
IDs intercalated discs
IHD ischemic heart disease
iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase
JUP plakoglobin
LV left ventricular
LVAD left ventricular assist device
LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
LVNC left ventricular non-compaction
MACEs major adverse cardiac events
MAPK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase
MHC myosin heavy chain
M2R muscarinic M2 receptor
M2R-AAbs autoantibodies against M2R
NDLVC non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy
NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
NYHA New York Heart Association
PKA protein kinase A
PKP2 plakophilin-2
PVCs premature ventricular contractions
RCM restrictive cardiomyopathy
SCD sudden cardiac death
TPE therapeutic plasma exchange
TTS Takotsubo syndrome