Honey	Type of Cancer Cells	Findings	In Vitro/In Vivo/Clinical Trial	References
Acacia	Lung cancer cell (NCI-H460)	Inhibited cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, stimulation of cytokines and calcium ion, and downregulation of Bcl-2 and p53 gene	In vitro	[244]
	Human (A375) and murine (B16-F1) melanoma	Induce antiproliferative effect and hyperploid progression through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and	In vitro	[245]
	breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (A549), and colon cancer (HCT-116)	Inhibit cell proliferation with IC50 value of 5.053 μg/mL, 5.382 μg/mL, and 6.728 μg/mL against the breast, colon, and lung cancer cell lines, respectively	In vitro	[246]
	HCT116 (colon); MCF7 (breast), and HepG2 (liver)	Inhibit cell proliferation with IC50 ranged 117.99 to 482.65 µg/mL	In vitro	[247]
	Breast cancer (MCF-7)	Antiproliferative effect through induction of apoptosis.	In vitro	[248]
	Prostate cancer cell line (PC-3)	Promote apoptosis via modulation of G0/G1 phase, pro-inflammatory cytokines, calcium ions secretion and downregulation of prostate-specific antigen.	In vitro	[249]
Gelam	HCT 116 Colorectal Cancer Cells	Inhibit cell proliferation with IC50 of 75 mg/mL and induce apoptosis	In vitro	[250]
	Colon cancer (HCT 116)	Inhibit cell proliferation with IC50 2.0% v/v after 72 incubation	In vitro	[251]
	Human diploid fibroblast	Attenuated radiation-induced cell death by promoting cell cycle progression and inhibiting apoptosis by downregulating ATM, p73, and p16	In vitro	[252]
	HT 29 colon cancer	Inhibit cell proliferation with IC50 of 39.0 mg/mL by inducing apoptosis through DNA damage and suppressing inflammation via reduction in prostaglandin E2.	In vitro	[220]
	HT29 Colon cancer	Promote apoptosis via mTOR and Wnt/B-catenin pathway. -downregulated the gene expressions of Akt, mTOR, Raptor, Rictor, β-catenin, Gsk3β, Tcf4 and cyclin D1 while cytochrome C and caspase 3 genes were shown to be upregulated	In vitro	[253]
	HT29 colon cancer	Induce apoptosis by upregulating early pro-apoptotic proteins (caspase 9 and IκB) and downregulating cancer-related genes (KRAS, ERK, AKT, Bcl-xL, NFkB (p65))	In vitro	[254]
Pineapple	HT 29 colon cancer	Inhibit cell proliferation with IC50 of 85.5 mg/mL by inducing apoptosis through DNA damage and suppressing inflammation via reduction in prostaglandin E2.	In vitro	[220]
Kelulut	Cervical cancer (HeLa)	Inhibit cell proliferation with IC50 of 75.76 mg/mL)	In vitro	[255]
	Lung cancer (A549)	Inhibit cell proliferation at IC50 of 0.62% v/v by inducing cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase	In vitro	[256]
	Sprague Dawley rats	possessed chemo-preventive properties in rats induced with colorectal cancer and it was found to be not toxic to rats.	In vivo	[257]
Tualang	Sprague Dawley rats	Tualang honey ameliorated breast cancer by increasing the susceptibility of proapoptotic proteins; apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) interferon gamma receptor-1 (IFNGR1) tumor protein P53 (p53) and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins; tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL).	In vivo	[258]
	Sprague Dawley rats	Tualang Honey alleviated breast cancers in rats by reducing cancer cell growth and enhanced histological grading.	In vivo	[259]
	Sprague Dawley rats	Tualang honey showed chemo-preventive properties in oral squamous cell carcinoma-induced rats by suppressing cancer cell proliferation and activity and preserving cellular adhesion.	In vivo	[260]
	Sprague Dawley rats	Tualang Honey alleviated breast carcinogenesis by modulating haematologic, oestrogenic and apoptotic activities in the breast cancer animal model.	In vivo	[261]
	Breast cancer (MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231)	Tualang honey promoted apoptotic cell death induced by tamoxifen in breast cancer cell lines.	In vitro	[262]
	Breast cancer (MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231)	Tualang honey demonstrated cytotoxic and apoptotic activities against human breast cancer cell lines with the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway’s involvement. Activates caspase-3/7 and -9.	In vitro	[219]
	Breast cancer (MCF-7)	Tualang honey was found to be cytotoxic to breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) but protected non-tumorigenic epithelial breast cell line (MCF-10A) from the toxic effects of tamoxifen active metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen.	In vitro	[263]
	Cervical cancer (HeLa)	Tualang honey demonstrated cytotoxic and apoptotic activities against human cervical cancer cell lines with the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway’s involvement. Activates caspase-3/7 and -9.	In vitro	[219]
	Oral squamous cell carcinomas (CRL-1623)	Tualang honey showed an anti-proliferative effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma cell lines by inducing early apoptosis.	In vitro	[264]
	Human Osteosarcomas (CRL-1543)
	Acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia (K562 and MV4-11)	Tualang honey demonstrated apoptosis-inducing ability for acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia (K562 and MV4-11) cell lines.	In vitro	[265]
	Mouse keratinocyte (PAM212)	Tualang honey protected keratinocytes from ultraviolet radiation-induced inflammation and DNA damage via modulation in early biomarkers of photocarcinogenesis.	In vitro	[266]
	Human Keloid fibroblasts (pKHDF)	The methanolic honey extraction has an antiproliferative effect on keloid fibroblasts at 50%, 25%, 12.50% and 6.25% of concentration.	In vitro	[267]
	Lung cancer (A549 and H23)	TH inhibited the proliferation of ADC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner through cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. TH induces apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.	In vitro	[268]
	Lung cancer (A549 and H23)	TH exerts anticancer activity through modulation of pertinent cancer-related proteins associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, such as HRAS, HSPB1, TUBA1C, PCNA, ELAVL1, and H3F3A.	In vitro	[269]
	Lung cancer (A549)	TH promote apoptosis of A549 cells through alteration of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins.	In vitro	[270]
	Head and neck cancer	Tualang honey improved cancer-related fatigue and quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer post-chemotherapy or radiotherapy.	Human study	[271]
	Breast cancer	Combination of Tualang honey and anastrozole showed more improvement in decreasing breast background parenchymal enhancement in patients with breast cancer than anastrozole alone.	Human study	[272]