Table 2.

Variable definitions and measurement.

Variable	Definition	Measurement	Data source
Sports services development index	Overall level of sports service provision	Composite index (standardized)	Sports statistical yearbooks
Facility density	Availability of sports facilities	Facilities per 10,000 residents	Sports administration records
Service accessibility	Ease of access to sports services	Community coverage (%)	Regional statistics
Professional staffing	Sports service capacity	Certified instructors per 10,000 residents	Sports administration records
Program diversity	Variety of sports programs for older adults	Number of program categories	Sports service reports
Silver economy development index	Development level of aging-related economy	Composite index (standardized)	Economic statistical yearbooks
Older adults’ consumption	Consumption level of older population	Per capita expenditure (≥60 years)	Household surveys
Health-related industry output	Scale of aging-related industries	Value added (CNY)	Industrial statistics
Physical activity participation	Exercise engagement of older adults	% aged ≥60 meeting the survey-defined regular exercise criterion (≥3 times/week and ≥30 min/session or ≥ 90 min/week moderate-equivalent)	Health surveys
Population aging	Demographic structure	% aged ≥60 years	Census data
Economic development	Regional economic level	Per capita GDP	Statistical yearbooks
Healthcare resources	Medical service availability	Beds per 10,000 residents	Health yearbooks
Urbanization	Level of urban development	Urban population (%)	Statistical yearbooks