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Postpartum physical activity participation and primary barrier patterns by educational attainment (n = 17).
| Educational attainment | n | PA participation, n (%) | Key barrier pattern |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 10 | 4 (40%) | Time constraints + negotiation of intensive mothering ideology |
| Associate degree or lower | 7 | 1 (14%) | Lack of accessible guidance + intensive care labor Dominance of cultural restrictions (e.g., Zuo yuezi) |
