Table 2.

Weighted descriptive statistics for students from Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang participating the the 2018 program for international student assessment (PISA), overall (n (unweighted) = 12,058) and by gender (n (unweighted) = 6,283 for Boys, and n (unweighted) = 5,775 for Girls)

	Overall			Girls			Boys
	Mean or proportion	SD		Mean or proportion	SD		Mean or proportion	SD
Predictors of academic achievement:
Sense of belonging
Friend (R)	2.97	0.71		2.92	0.68		3.01	0.73
Belong (R)	2.72	0.75		2.69	0.71		2.74	0.78
Like (R)	2.74	0.71		2.73	0.67		2.74	0.74
Outsider	3.01	0.74		3.01	0.70		3.01	0.77
Lonely	3.06	0.78		3.02	0.75		3.09	0.81
Awkward	3.08	0.73		3.11	0.69		3.06	0.77
Average school belonging	-0.0052	0.92		-0.0257	0.90		0.0138	0.95
Relative sense of belonging (factor score)	0.000	0.89		0.000	0.84		0.000	0.90
ESCS	-0.67	1.07		-0.65	1.05		-0.68	1.09
School ESCS	-0.67	0.67		-0.65	0.67		-0.68	0.67
Age	15.75	0.30		15.75	0.30		15.75	0.30
Girl proportion	0.48	0.08		0.49	0.08		0.47	0.08
School size	1348.17	1155.10		1372.58	1197.70		1327.51	1117.37
School type
Public	0.88			0.89			0.89
Private	0.12			0.11			0.11
Student-teacher ratio	10.78	4.82		10.67	4.72		10.86	4.90
Class size	39.70	7.94		39.58	7.91		39.80	7.96
School location
Rural area	0.12			0.12			0.12
Small town	0.30			0.30			0.30
Town	0.15			0.15			0.15
City	0.220			0.20			0.20
Large city	0.23			0.23			0.23
Academic achievement
Math	591.39	80.33		585.75	77.38		596.55	82.58
Science	590.45	83.19		584.15	79.83		596.21	85.74
Reading	555.24	87.23		561.89	83.93		549.15	89.70

Weighted means or proportions and standard deviations (SD) using non-imputed datasets. R = item reversed coded