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. 2026 Apr 13;16:12185. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-43854-5

Table 6.

Quantum chemical parameters of the selected compounds with Density Functional Theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) basis set.

Compound 2 3 6 7 8
E HOMO (eV) -6.9146 -6.8248 -6.1078 -5.6692 -6.0387
E LUMO (eV) -3.2376 -2.6193 -2.4359 -2.2103 -2.7243
(∆E) Energy gap (eV) 3.6770 4.2055 3.6718 3.4588 3.3143
(I) Ionization energy (eV) 6.9146 6.8248 6.1078 5.6692 6.0387
(A) Electron affinity (eV) 3.2376 2.6193 2.4359 2.2103 2.7243
(ƞ) Chemical hardness (eV) 1.8385 2.1027 1.8359 1.7294 1.6571
(χ) Electronegativity (eV) 5.0761 4.7221 4.2719 3.9397 4.3815
(S) Chemical softness (eV-1) 0.5439 0.4755 0.5446 0.5782 0.6034
(P) Electronic chemical potential (eV) -5.0761 -4.7221 -4.2719 -3.9397 -4.3815
(ω) Electrophilicity index (eV) 7.0075 5.3021 4.9699 4.4876 5.7924
(µ) Dipole moment (D) 12.0080 14.2160 14.7365 15.0472 8.3959