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. 2026 Apr 1;17:1790455. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1790455

Figure 2.

Serum RNASE1 levels are elevated in patients with SLE and correlate with disease activity and renal dysfunction. A, scatterplot of serum RNASE1 in controls vs SLE. B, comparison of serum RNASE1 levels among controls, SLE without nephritis, and LN patients. C, RNASE1 levels stratified by SLEDAI disease activity (inactive, mild, moderate, severe). D–H, scatterplots showing correlations of RNASE1 with SLEDAI scores, complement C3, urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. I–L, ROC curves assessing RNASE1’s ability to discriminate SLE or disease activity levels.

Serum RNASE1 levels are elevated in patients with SLE and correlate with disease activity and renal dysfunction. (A) Serum RNASE1 concentrations measured by ELISA in healthy controls (HC) and patients with SLE. (B) Comparison of serum RNASE1 levels among HC, patients with SLE without nephritis, and patients with LN. (C) Serum RNASE1 levels in patients with SLE stratified according to disease activity based on SLEDAI scores (inactive, mild, moderate, and severe). (D, E) Correlation analyses between serum RNASE1 levels and SLEDAI scores (D) and complement C3 levels (E) in patients with SLE. (F–H) Correlation analyses between serum RNASE1 levels and renal function parameters in patients with LN, including urinary protein excretion (F), serum creatinine (G), and blood urea nitrogen (H). (I) ROC curve evaluating the performance of serum RNASE1 levels in discriminating patients with SLE from healthy controls. (J–L) ROC curve analyses assessing the discriminative ability of serum RNASE1 levels for identifying patients with ≥mild disease activity (J), ≥moderate disease activity (K), and ≥severe disease activity (L). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.