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. 2026 Apr 15;9:1225. doi: 10.34133/research.1225

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Copyright © 2026 Shulei Zhang et al.

Exclusive licensee Science and Technology Review Publishing House. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0).

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Fig. 1. — The framework of the proposed eye-tracking-driven programmable metasurface (ETDPM) system and its photographic scenes. The eye tracker identifies the user’s real-time focus location. The metasurface adjusts the phase compensation to concentrate electromagnetic energy at the detected fixation point. This framework enables wireless communication enhancement for targets in 2 polarization directions for indoor scenarios. (A) Scenario framework. (B) Closed-loop algorithm for metasurface systems.