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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Apr 16.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Neurol. 2024 Dec 3;385:115085. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.115085

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Induced Pluripotent Cell-based Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease. Schematic representation of the cell source, derivation process and therapeutic strategy of our drug product. The iPSCs are derived by reprograming neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the developing human brain. The iPSC clones are isolated, characterized and processed for the isolation and perpetuation of self-renewable, multipotent NSCs giving rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The NSCs are scaled up in 3D culture systems, characterized and banked as an intermediate stage of the production process. The last step of the manufacturing process involves the differentiation of NSCs into midbrain DA neurons using the DIF method (Daadi, 2019). The therapeutic strategy involves the transplantation of the drug product into the DA denervated putamen of PD patients and implementation of a personalized adjunctive physical and cognitive training rehabilitation to promote homeostatic and functional graft-derived DA synaptic reinnervation of the striatum. Created with BioRender.com.