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. 2026 Apr 2;17:1751033. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1751033

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Copyright © 2026 Liu, Zhang, Zhu, Ma, Zhao, Liu and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Panel A shows a network diagram with three levels of nodes connected by lines, indicating relationships among biological entities. Panel B displays a clustered heatmap with rows and columns colored in red and blue, representing gene expression data across samples. Panel C contains a volcano plot contrasting log2 fold change and negative log10 p-value, with red, blue, and gray dots indicating upregulated, downregulated, and nonsignificant genes. Panel D presents a Venn diagram with three overlapping circles labeled MAFLD, HQHF, and DEGs, highlighting intersecting gene sets. Panel E features two bar plots, one displaying biological process enrichment terms and the other showing KEGG pathway enrichment, with bars and circles representing term significance and gene ratios. — Network Pharmacology Analysis of HQHF in MAFLD. (A) Drug-component-target network of HQHF. (B) Heatmap of DEGs from dataset GSE89632. (C) Volcano plot of DEGs from dataset GSE89632. (D) Venn diagram showing the 89 intersecting genes among HQHF targets, MAFLD targets, and DEGs. (E) GO enrichment analysis of the 89 intersecting genes. (F) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the 89 intersecting genes.