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. 2026 Apr 10;4(2):e003526. doi: 10.1136/bmjph-2025-003526

Table 2. Demography and knowledge change for training participants.

Characteristic N % Pretest mean±SD (min–max) Post-test mean±SD (min–max) Mean change±SD
Cadre*
Medical doctor 20 23 54.71±11.39 (29–74) 66.18±6.71 (47–74) 11.47±10.05
Assistant medical officer 6 7 61.32±8.63 (47–71) 67.88±7.57 (56–76) 6.56±2.21
Clinical officer 15 17 58.16±12.42 (41–76) 69.62±8.85 (47–79) 11.45±8.66
Nursing officer 46 53 57.42±11.67 (32–79) 66.58±10.40 (38–88) 9.16±11.00
Overall 87 100 57.19±11.50 (29–79) 67.10±9.17 (38–88) 9.91±10.01
*

One-way ANOVA comparing change scores between cadres: p = 0.63.

Paired t-test for overall pre–post improvement: p< 0.001. Effect size (Cohen’s d) = 0.99.