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. 2026 Apr 1;25:59. doi: 10.1186/s12938-026-01564-z

Table 1.

Group comparison and MLR results for the eight hemodynamic parameters

Parameter Occlusion pressure (mmHg) Mean (non-PAD) ± SD Mean (PAD) ± SD MWU
p-vlaue
Adjusted OR
(95% CI)
Parameter
p-value
Sig. covariates (p < 0.05)
ΔHbO (µmol) 60 6.81 ± 4.11 2.01 ± 1.74 < 0.001 0.446 (0.360–0.553) 1.40E-13 Age
HF (µmol/s) 60 2.48 ± 0.85 0.86 ± 0.49 < 0.001 0.000387 (0.000021–0.00713) 1.24E-07 Age
VO2 (mL/100 mL/min) 60 0.066 ± 0.035 0.040 ± 0.022 < 0.001 0.480 (0.384–0.600) 1.31E-10 Age; smoking
Tp (s) 60 23.44 ± 9.04 20.70 ± 9.54 0.002 0.964 (0.933–0.996) 0.026 Age
ΔHbO (µmol) 100 9.44 ± 5.93 3.90 ± 3.55 < 0.001 0.696 (0.626–0.774) 2.26E-11 Age
HF (µmol/s) 100 2.90 ± 1.33 1.35 ± 0.90 < 0.001 0.129 (0.097–0.171) 3.85E-13 Age
VO2 (mL/100 mL/min) 100 0.079 ± 0.050 0.052 ± 0.029 < 0.001 0.661 (0.563–0.776) 4.26E-07 Age
Tp (s) 100 20.86 ± 7.09 17.12 ± 4.98 < 0.001 0.870 (0.817–0.926) 1.21E-05 Smoking

Adjusted OR (95% CI) and p-values for the hemodynamic parameter are from MLR adjusted for age, diabetes duration, hypertension duration, sex, BMI, and smoking status. “Significant covariates” lists adjustment variables with p < 0.05 in the corresponding model

Values are mean ± SD. MWU: Mann–Whitney U test (PAD vs non-PAD)