Table 2.

Classification performance (fivefold cross-validation) of MLR models using each hemodynamic parameter (ΔHbO, HF, VO₂, Tp) at 60 and 100 mmHg. Models were adjusted for age, diabetes duration, hypertension duration, sex, BMI, and smoking status. Values are reported as mean ± SD across folds

Adjusted Parameter	Occlusion Pressure (mmHg)	CV AUC (mean ± SD)	CV Accuracy (mean ± SD)	CV Sensitivity (mean ± SD)	CV Specificity (mean ± SD)	CV Precision (mean ± SD)	CV F1-score (mean ± SD)
ΔHbO	60	0.9087 ± 0.0681	0.8170 ± 0.0910	0.8551 ± 0.0837	0.7790 ± 0.1139	0.7980 ± 0.1025	0.8245 ± 0.0867
HF	60	0.9833 ± 0.0089	0.9181 ± 0.0351	0.9319 ± 0.0371	0.9043 ± 0.0364	0.9083 ± 0.0349	0.9199 ± 0.0343
VO2	60	0.8120 ± 0.0918	0.7447 ± 0.1204	0.7623 ± 0.1665	0.7290 ± 0.1030	0.7331 ± 0.1106	0.7446 ± 0.1280
Tp	60	0.6154 ± 0.0867	0.6058 ± 0.0425	0.6148 ± 0.0825	0.5983 ± 0.0610	0.5909 ± 0.0422	0.6007 ± 0.0526
ΔHbO	100	0.8457 ± 0.0729	0.7702 ± 0.0788	0.8225 ± 0.1378	0.7199 ± 0.1866	0.7671 ± 0.1167	0.7799 ± 0.0663
HF	100	0.8926 ± 0.0202	0.8000 ± 0.0389	0.8261 ± 0.0307	0.7739 ± 0.0567	0.7864 ± 0.0459	0.8054 ± 0.0350
VO2	100	0.7413 ± 0.0890	0.6851 ± 0.0696	0.7370 ± 0.1125	0.6355 ± 0.0699	0.6667 ± 0.0548	0.6979 ± 0.0728
Tp	100	0.7138 ± 0.0706	0.6702 ± 0.0524	0.7067 ± 0.0793	0.6381 ± 0.1319	0.6584 ± 0.0759	0.6762 ± 0.0433

CV cross-validation, AUC area under the ROC curve

Sensitivity = recall. Metrics were computed on held-out folds and summarized across 5 folds. Sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score were computed using a fixed probability threshold of 0.50 (p ≥ 0.50 classified as PAD; p ≤ 0.50 classified as non-PAD).