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. 2025 Nov 24;36(5):3454–3464. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-12131-w

Table 2.

Average technical parameters and radiation dose metrics across the included CT examinations

Examinations Protocols
Included units 907,992 1767
Mean Standard deviation Mean Standard deviation
Patient diameter (mm) 308 45 309 23
Technical parameters
 mAs 178 87 178 63
 Pitch 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.3
 kV 118 8 118 7
 Scan length (mm) 483 85 450 82
 Number of phases 1.3 0.6 1.4 0.6
 Collimation 37 17 35 17
Radiation dose metrics
 Volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol), mGy 13 7 13 5
 Size-adjusted CTDIvol, mGy 11 5 12 5
 Dose length product (DLP), mGy-cm 756 496 775 418
 Size-adjusted DLP (mGy-cm) 657 352 669 361

The six technical parameters listed here were used as inputs in the k-means clustering analysis. DLP dose length product