Table 4. Comparison of generalized estimating equations for psychosocial adjustment and secondary outcomes between groups at different time points.
| Outcome | Crude model | Adjusted model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | Wald χ² (df) | P value | B (95% CI) | Wald χ² (df) | P value | |
| Psychosocial adjustment | ||||||
| Group | –2.705 (–8.366 to 2.956) | 0.88 (1) | .35 | –1.558 (–8.173 to 5.056) | 0.21 (1) | .64 |
| Time1 | 6.315 (2.949 to 9.681) | 13.52 (1) | <.001 | 6.277 (2.872 to 9.683) | 13.052 (1) | <.001 |
| Time2 | 8.829 (4.533 to 13.124) | 16.23 (1) | <.001 | 8.834 (4.487 to 13.180) | 15.87 (1) | <.001 |
| Time3 | 6.09 (1.329 to 10.850) | 6.29 (1) | .01 | 6.117 (1.280 to 10.953) | 6.15 (1) | .01 |
| Group×Time1 | –2.143 (–5.936 to 1.649) | 1.23 (1) | .27 | –2.106 (–5.894 to 1.683) | 1.19 (1) | .28 |
| Group×Time2 | –9.406 (–14.172 to –4.640) | 14.97 (1) | <.001 | –9.582 (–14.405 to –4.759) | 15.16 (1) | <.001 |
| Group×Time3 | –7.571 (–12.993 to –2.150) | 7.49 (1) | .006 | –7.539 (–12.995 to –2.082) | 7.33 (1) | .007 |
| Health care | ||||||
| Group | –0.151 (–0.952 to 0.651) | 0.14 (1) | .71 | –0.190 (–1.156 to 0.775) | 0.15 (1) | .70 |
| Time1 | 0.75 (–0.571 to 2.071) | 1.24 (1) | .27 | 0.753 (–0.566 to 2.072) | 1.25 (1) | .26 |
| Time2 | 0.611 (–0.640 to 1.863) | 0.92 (1) | .34 | 0.615 (–0.623 to 1.853) | 0.95 (1) | .33 |
| Time3 | 0.094 (–1.512 to 1.700) | 0.01 (1) | .91 | 0.096 (–1.508 to 1.699) | 0.01 (1) | .91 |
| Group×Time1 | –1.207 (–2.528 to 0.115) | 3.20 (1) | .07 | –1.210 (–2.530 to 0.110) | 3.23 (1) | .07 |
| Group×Time2 | –0.369 (–1.975 to 1.236) | 0.20 (1) | .65 | –0.364 (–1.978 to 1.250) | 0.20 (1) | .66 |
| Group×Time3 | 0.152 (–1.696 to 2.001) | 0.03 (1) | .87 | 0.146 (–1.689 to 1.982) | 0.02 (1) | .88 |
| Occupational environment | ||||||
| Group | –1.109 (–2.099 to –0.118) | 4.81 (1) | .03 | –0.944 (–1.908 to 0.021) | 3.68 (1) | .06 |
| Time1 | 1.625 (0.351 to 2.899) | 6.25 (1) | .01 | 1.621 (0.348 to 2.894) | 6.23 (1) | .01 |
| Time2 | 1.715 (1.400 to 2.030) | 113.74 (1) | <.001 | 1.715 (1.409 to 2.020) | 121.06 (1) | <.001 |
| Time3 | 0.579 (0.274 to 0.884) | 13.86 (1) | <.001 | 0.583 (0.266 to 0.900) | 13.02 (1) | <.001 |
| Group×Time1 | –0.196 (–2.035 to 1.642) | 0.04 (1) | .83 | –0.192 (–2.036 to 1.652) | 0.04 (1) | .84 |
| Group×Time2 | –1.302 (–2.952 to 0.347) | 2.40 (1) | .12 | –1.324 (–2.942 to 0.293) | 2.57 (1) | .11 |
| Group×Time3 | –0.521 (–0.960 to ‐0.081) | 5.40 (1) | .02 | –0.515 (–0.970 to –0.060) | 4.92 (1) | .03 |
| Domestic environment | ||||||
| Group | –0.941 (–1.726 to –0.157) | 5.54 (1) | .02 | –0.596 (–1.427 to 0.236) | 1.97 (1) | .16 |
| Time1 | 0.091 (–0.242 to 0.424) | 0.29 (1) | .59 | 0.077 (–0.286 to 0.440) | 0.17 (1) | .68 |
| Time2 | 1.167 (–0.014 to 2.348) | 3.75 (1) | .05 | 1.161 (–0.029 to 2.351) | 3.66 (1) | .06 |
| Time3 | 1.043 (–0.182 to 2.268) | 2.79 (1) | .10 | 1.047 (–0.189 to 2.282) | 2.76 (1) | .10 |
| Group×Time1 | 1.309 (0.619 to 1.998) | 13.84 (1) | <.001 | 1.323 (0.633 to 2.013) | 14.11 (1) | <.001 |
| Group×Time2 | –0.82 (–2.444 to 0.804) | 0.98 (1) | .32 | –0.872 (–2.509 to 0.766) | 1.09 (1) | .30 |
| Group×Time3 | –1.056 (–2.496 to 0.384) | 2.07 (1) | .15 | –1.038 (–2.496 to 0.420) | 1.95 (1) | .16 |
| Sexual relationship | ||||||
| Group | 0.672 (–0.842 to 2.187) | 0.76 (1) | .38 | 0.764 (–0.977 to 2.505) | 0.74 (1) | .39 |
| Time1 | 1.635 (0.932 to 2.339) | 20.75 (1) | <.001 | 1.632 (0.933 to 2.330) | 20.96 (1) | <.001 |
| Time2 | 2.661 (2.176 to 3.145) | 116.01 (1) | <.001 | 2.66 (2.171 to 3.149) | 113.627 (1) | <.001 |
| Time3 | 2.113 (1.241 to 2.985) | 22.57 (1) | <.001 | 2.115 (1.234 to 2.996) | 22.129 (1) | <.001 |
| Group×Time1 | –0.292 (–1.109 to 0.524) | 0.49 (1) | .48 | –0.289 (–1.099 to 0.521) | 0.489 (1) | .49 |
| Group×Time2 | –2.322 (–3.634 to –1.009) | 12.03 (1) | .001 | –2.332 (–3.660 to –1.004) | 11.849 (1) | .001 |
| Group×Time3 | –2.048 (–3.318 to –0.779) | 9.99 (1) | .002 | –2.045 (–3.314 to –0.775) | 9.969 (1) | .002 |
| Expand family relationships | ||||||
| Group | –0.659 (–1.298 to –0.020) | 4.09 (1) | .04 | –0.635 (–0.950 to –0.320) | 15.63 (1) | <.001 |
| Time1 | 0.744 (0.108 to 1.379) | 5.26 (1) | .02 | 0.743 (0.098 to 1.388) | 5.10 (1) | .02 |
| Time2 | 0.664 (–1.141 to 2.470) | 0.52 (1) | .47 | 0.665 (–1.146 to 2.476) | 0.52 (1) | .47 |
| Time3 | 1.2 (–0.277 to 2.677) | 2.54 (1) | .11 | 1.201 (–0.276 to 2.677) | 2.54 (1) | .11 |
| Group×Time1 | –0.372 (–1.061 to 0.316) | 1.12 (1) | .29 | –0.372 (–1.070 to 0.327) | 1.09 (1) | .30 |
| Group×Time2 | –0.47 (–2.293 to 1.353) | 0.26 (1) | .61 | –0.474 (–2.274 to 1.325) | 0.27 (1) | .61 |
| Group×Time3 | –0.835 (–2.393 to 0.722) | 1.10 (1) | .29 | –0.834 (–2.405 to 0.736) | 1.08 (1) | .30 |
| Social environment | ||||||
| Group | –0.88 (–3.076 to 1.316) | 0.62 (1) | .43 | –0.458 (–2.776 to 1.860) | 0.15 (1) | .70 |
| Time1 | 0.758 (–0.654 to 2.170) | 1.11 (1) | .29 | 0.746 (–0.688 to 2.180) | 1.04 (1) | .31 |
| Time2 | 1.354 (–0.177 to 2.886) | 3.01 (1) | .08 | 1.349 (–0.180 to 2.877) | 2.99 (1) | .08 |
| Time3 | 1.118 (0.803 to 1.433) | 48.37 (1) | <.001 | 1.125 (0.841 to 1.410) | 60.21 (1) | <.001 |
| Group×Time1 | 0.071 (–1.889 to 2.030) | 0.01 (1) | .94 | 0.083 (–1.890 to 2.055) | 0.01 (1) | .93 |
| Group×Time2 | –1.245 (–3.153 to 0.664) | 1.63 (1) | .20 | –1.304 (–3.200 to 0.592) | 1.82 (1) | .18 |
| Group×Time3 | –0.919 (–2.248 to 0.409) | 1.84 (1) | .18 | –0.905 (–2.216 to 0.407) | 1.83 (1) | .18 |
| Psychological distress | ||||||
| Group | 0.393 (–1.581 to 2.367) | 0.15 (1) | .70 | 0.608 (–1.665 to 2.881) | 0.28 (1) | .60 |
| Time1 | 0.665 (–0.991 to 2.321) | 0.62 (1) | .43 | 0.657 (–0.993 to 2.306) | 0.61 (1) | .44 |
| Time2 | 0.661 (0.217 to 1.106) | 8.51 (1) | .004 | 0.660 (0.234 to 1.086) | 9.22 (1) | .002 |
| Time3 | –0.076 (–0.566 to 0.414) | 0.09 (1) | .76 | –0.072 (–0.564 to 0.419) | 0.08 (1) | .77 |
| Group×Time1 | –1.408 (–3.339 to 0.524) | 2.04 (1) | .15 | –1.400 (–3.313 to 0.514) | 2.06 (1) | .15 |
| Group×Time2 | –2.904 (–4.089 to –1.718) | 23.05 (1) | <.001 | –2.934 (–4.185 to –1.684) | 21.15 (1) | <.001 |
| Group×Time3 | –2.343 (–3.112 to –1.574) | 35.68 (1) | <.001 | –2.334 (–3.106 to –1.562) | 35.10 (1) | <.001 |
| Self-efficacy | ||||||
| Group | –0.88 (–3.076 to 1.316) | 0.62 (1) | .43 | 0.344 (–1.016 to 1.703) | 0.25 (1) | .62 |
| Time1 | 0.758 (–0.654 to 2.170) | 1.11 (1) | .29 | 1.091 (–2.291 to 4.472) | 0.40 (1) | .58 |
| Time2 | 1.354 (–0.177 to 2.886) | 3.01 (1) | .08 | –1.008 (–3.498 to 1.481) | 0.63 (1) | .43 |
| Time3 | 1.118 (0.803 to 1.433) | 48.37 (1) | <.001 | –0.777 (–3.003 to 1.450) | 0.47 (1) | .49 |
| Group×Time1 | 0.071 (–1.889 to 2.030) | 0.01 (1) | .94 | –1.033 (–4.473 to 2.406) | 0.35 (1) | .56 |
| Group×Time2 | –1.245 (–3.153 to 0.664) | 1.63 (1) | .20 | 0.443 (–2.553 to 3.440) | 0.08 (1) | .77 |
| Group×Time3 | –0.919 (–2.248 to 0.409) | 1.84 (1) | .18 | –0.049 (–2.430 to 2.333) | 0.002 (1) | .97 |
| Social support | ||||||
| Group | 0.897 (–1.196 to 2.991) | 0.71 (1) | .40 | 0.682 (–0.859 to 2.223) | 0.75 (1) | .39 |
| Time1 | –0.23 (–3.207 to 2.747) | 0.02 (1) | .88 | –0.223 (–3.197 to 2.751) | 0.02 (1) | .88 |
| Time2 | –2.429 (–4.746 to –0.112) | 4.22 (1) | .04 | –2.43 (–4.732 to –0.129) | 4.28 (1) | .04 |
| Time3 | –0.368 (–2.593 to 1.857) | 0.11 (1) | .75 | –0.373 (–2.607 to 1.861) | 0.11 (1) | .74 |
| Group×Time1 | 0.973 (–2.303 to 4.250) | 0.34 (1) | .56 | 0.966 (–2.300 to 4.231) | 0.34 (1) | .56 |
| Group×Time2 | 3.636 (1.059 to 6.212) | 7.65 (1) | .006 | 3.669 (1.033 to 6.306) | 7.44 (1) | .006 |
| Group×Time3 | 1.74 (–0.584 to 4.065) | 2.15 (1) | .14 | 1.732 (–0.559 to 4.023) | 2.20 (1) | .14 |
| Coping modes to confrontation dimension | ||||||
| Group | 0.001 (–1.353 to 1.355) | <0.001 (1) | .10 | –0.233 (–1.512 to 1.046) | 0.13 (1) | .72 |
| Time1 | 0.159 (–1.568 to 1.886) | 0.03 (1) | .86 | 0.17 (–1.567 to 1.907) | 0.04 (1) | .85 |
| Time2 | –0.324 (–1.449 to 0.800) | 0.32 (1) | .57 | –0.32 (–1.456 to 0.816) | 0.30 (1) | .58 |
| Time3 | –0.521 (–1.352 to 0.309) | 1.51 (1) | .22 | –0.523 (–1.365 to 0.318) | 1.49 (1) | .22 |
| Group×Time1 | 0.298 (–1.452 to 2.047) | 0.11 (1) | .74 | 0.287 (–1.471 to 2.045) | 0.10 (1) | .75 |
| Group×Time2 | 1.475 (0.238 to 2.711) | 5.46 (1) | .02 | 1.500 (0.244 to 2.755) | 5.48 (1) | .02 |
| Group×Time3 | 1.691 (0.645 to 2.737) | 10.04 (1) | .002 | 1.675 (0.621 to 2.730) | 9.69 (1) | .002 |
| Coping modes to avoidance dimension | ||||||
| Group | 1.886 (0.824 to 2.948) | 12.12 (1) | <.001 | 1.886 (0.824 to 2.948) | 12.12 (1) | <.001 |
| Time1 | 1.391 (0.858 to 1.925) | 26.14 (1) | <.001 | 1.391 (0.858 to 1.925) | 26.14 (1) | <.001 |
| Time2 | 0.774 (0.261 to 1.287) | 8.73 (1) | .003 | 0.774 (0.261 to 1.287) | 8.73 (1) | .003 |
| Time3 | 0.836 (0.553 to 1.118) | 33.62 (1) | <.001 | 0.836 (0.553 to 1.118) | 33.62 (1) | <.001 |
| Group×Time1 | –1.706 (–2.870 to –0.541) | 8.24 (1) | .004 | –1.706 (–2.870 to –0.541) | 8.24 (1) | .004 |
| Group×Time2 | –2.233 (–3.837 to –0.629) | 7.45 (1) | .006 | –2.233 (–3.837 to –0.629) | 7.45 (1) | .006 |
| Group×Time3 | –1.8 (–3.277 to –0.323) | 5.70 (1) | .02 | –1.8 (–3.277 to –0.323) | 5.70 (1) | .017 |
| Coping modes acceptance to resignation dimension | ||||||
| Group | –0.147 (–0.494 to 0.201) | 0.69 (1) | .41 | 0.084 (–0.389 to 0.557) | 0.12 (1) | .73 |
| Time1 | 0.109 (–0.444 to 0.663) | 0.15 (1) | .70 | 0.103 (–0.438 to 0.643) | 0.14 (1) | .71 |
| Time2 | 0.347 (–0.484 to 1.177) | 0.67 (1) | .41 | 0.350 (–0.503 to 1.202) | 0.65 (1) | .42 |
| Time3 | 0.642 (–0.828 to 2.112) | 0.73 (1) | .39 | 0.649 (–0.837 to 2.135) | 0.73 (1) | .39 |
| Group×Time1 | –0.538 (–1.159 to 0.083) | 2.88 (1) | .09 | –0.531 (–1.136 to 0.073) | 2.97 (1) | .09 |
| Group×Time2 | –0.816 (–1.673 to 0.041) | 3.48 (1) | .06 | –0.855 (–1.743 to 0.033) | 3.56 (1) | .06 |
| Group×Time3 | –1.103 (–2.688 to 0.482) | 1.86 (1) | .17 | –1.095 (–2.697 to 0.506) | 1.80 (1) | .18 |