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. 2026 Apr 7;17:1783172. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1783172

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Copyright © 2026 Yuan, Ma, Cao, Ma, Wu, Jiang and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two bar charts with color-coded legends showing trends from 2012 to 2022. Chart A tracks four sequence types (ST22, ST324, ST104, ST156) with noticeable peaks in 2018, 2019, and 2021. Chart B presents gene prevalence (cfr, optrA, poxtA) with major spikes in 2016-2017 and 2019-2020, displaying variations in each gene’s frequency by year. — Temporal distribution of major linezolid resistance genes and predominant sequence types (STs), 2012 to 2022. (A) Annual distribution of predominant STs among linezolid-resistant E. faecium isolates during the same period. The stacked bars indicate the number of isolates belonging to major sequence types, including ST22, ST324, ST104, and ST156. (B) Annual distribution of major linezolid resistance genes identified in Enterococcus faecium isolates from 2012 to 2022. The stacked bars represent the number of isolates carrying different resistance genes, including cfr, optrA, and poxtA.