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. 2026 Apr 7;17:1783172. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1783172

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Copyright © 2026 Yuan, Ma, Cao, Ma, Wu, Jiang and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phylogenetic tree diagram with a corresponding gene cluster comparison chart. The left section shows sample names, hosts, and regions, while the right section displays multiple aligned colored gene clusters for each sample. — Phylogenetic relationships and flanking genetic environments of 30 poxtA-positive Enterococcus faecium isolates. A core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed for 30 representative poxtA-positive E. faecium isolates selected based on distinct poxtA-associated genetic environments. Isolates that were genetically closely related and exhibited identical poxtA flanking structures were excluded to improve visualization clarity. The phylogenetic tree is shown on the left, with associated metadata including isolation source, country, host, collection year, and strain information. The genetic environments surrounding the poxtA gene are displayed on the right, with arrows representing predicted open reading frames and colored according to gene function. Despite the pronounced phylogenetic diversity among the isolates, the poxtA-associated genetic environments show a high degree of structural conservation, with poxtA frequently flanked by mobile genetic elements such as insertion sequences and transposase-related genes, although minor variations in gene content and organization are observed.