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. 2026 Apr 7;13:1703513. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2026.1703513

Table 2.

Form distribution of the L4–S1 sagittal endplate of the lumbar spine.

Segment Uniformly concave
n (%)
Asymmetric concave
n (%)
Flat-bottomed concave
n (%)
Flat type
n (%)
L4 sup 9 (27.3) 7 (21.2) 7 (21.2) 10 (30.3)
L4 inf 15 (45.5) 9 (27.3) 7 (21.2) 2 (6.1)
L5 sup 2 (6.1) 17 (51.5) 3 (9.1) 11 (33.3)
L5 inf 8 (24.2) 18 (54.5) 2 (6.1) 5 (15.2)
S1 sup 0 3 (9.1) 1 (3.0) 29 (87.9)