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. 2026 Mar 10;16:12902. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-41939-9

Table 1.

Friction as a function of IFLS. Linear regression model parameters (±standard deviation) for the μ-IFLS relationships (Fig. 5) for all the articulation velocities. BSF = bovine synovial fluid, Deg.=degraded, i.e., chondroitinase ABC treated group.

Inline graphic
Effective velocity 1.5 mm/s 4.4 mm/s 15 mm/s 44 mm/s
Saline
μIFLS −0.15 ± 0.03 -0.14 ± 0.03 -0.08 ± 0 04 -0.07 ± 0.02
μ 0 0.11 ± 0.02 0.1 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 0.03 0.06 ± 0.02
R 2 0.9987 ± 0.0002 0.9989 ± 0.0004 0.9993 ± 0.0002 0.9993 ± 0.0001
BSF
μ IFLS -0.08 ± 0.03 -0.07 ± 0.01 -0.07 ± 0.01 -0.06 ± 0.01
μ 0 0.07 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 0.01 0.06 ± 0.01 0.06 ± 0.01
R 2 0.9984 ± 0.0006 0.9989 ± 0.0004 0.9992 ± 0.0004 0.9991 ± 0.0003
Deg. Saline
μ IFLS -0.08 ± 0.02 -0.13 ± 0.02 -0.08 ± 0.01 -0.07 ± 0.01
μ 0 0.05 ± 0.01 0.09 ± 0 01 0.06 ± 0 0.06 ± 0.01
R 2 0.9936 ± 0.0006 0.9953 ± 0.0013 0.9963 ± 0.001 0.9966 ± 0.0014
Deg. BSF
μ IFLS -0.04 ± 0.04 -0.08 ± 0.03 -0.03 ± 0.02 -0.06 ± 0.02
μ 0 0.04 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 0.02 0.03 ± 0.01 0.05 ± 0.02
R2 0.9945 ± 0.0017 0.9956 ± 0.0012 0.9965 ± 0.0012 0.9964 ± 0.0019