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. 2025 Nov 24;4:120. Originally published 2024 Jun 19. [Version 2] doi: 10.12688/openreseurope.17667.2

Table 2. Description and screenshots of the cognitive test battery.

1 Spatial span test (based on Corsi block tapping test)
Outcome: Spatial short term memory
Duration: ~90 seconds (self-adaptive, until 3 mistakes are made)
Brain area: Right mid-ventrolateral area, parieto-occipital regions
Description: The cognitive system that allows for temporary storage of spatial information in memory. Spatial short-term memory deals with the relationships between objects in space, as opposed to remembering the specific order of numbers or words involved in verbal short-term memory.
Score: The maximum length of a sequence that is correctly repeated
graphic file with name openreseurope-4-23796-g0001.jpg
2 Odd One Out Task
Outcome: Deductive reasoning
Duration: 180 seconds
Brain area: Anterior frontal cortex, anterior cingulate, anterior insula / frontal operculum, inferior
frontal sulcus, pre-supplementary motor area, intraparietal sulcus
Description: The core cognitive ability to apply rules to information in order to arrive at a logical
conclusion.
Score: The number of correct answers – the number of wrong answers
graphic file with name openreseurope-4-23796-g0002.jpg
3 Grammatical reasoning test
Outcome: Verbal reasoning
Duration: 90 seconds
Brain area: frontal operculum, posterior temporal lobe, superior parietal lobe, dorsal prefrontal
cortex, ventral prefrontal cortex
Description: The ability to quickly understand and make valid conclusions about concepts expressed
in words.
Score: The number of correct answers – the number of wrong answers
graphic file with name openreseurope-4-23796-g0003.jpg
4 Digit span task
Outcome: Verbal, short term memory
Duration: ~90 seconds (self-adaptive, until 3 mistakes are made)
Brain area: Mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, left temporo-parietal lobe, basal ganglia
Description: Short-term memory is the cognitive system that allows for temporary storage of
information in memory. Verbal short-term memory deals with numbers or words in a specific order,
as opposed to spatial short-term memory.
Score: The maximum length of a sequence that is correctly repeated
graphic file with name openreseurope-4-23796-g0004.jpg
5 Double trouble task (based on Stroop Colour-Word Test)
Outcome: response inhibition
Duration: 90 seconds
Brain area: Right prefrontal cortex. dorsolateral frontal cortex, left inferior frontal gyrus, dorsal
striatum
Description: The ability to concentrate on relevant information in order to make a correct response
despite interference or distracting information.
Score: The number of correct answers – the number of wrong answers
graphic file with name openreseurope-4-23796-g0005.jpg
6 SART (Sustained Attention to Response)
Outcome: sustained attention
Duration: 4 minutes
Brain area: frontal and parietal cortical areas, mostly in the right hemisphere.
Description: The ability to maintain concentration for the whole 4 minutes so that one does not
click/tap/press after a number 3.
Score: The number of correct answers – the number of wrong answers
graphic file with name openreseurope-4-23796-g0006.jpg