Table 2.

$\mathit{\varphi }$ coefficient categories (Akoglu, 2018).

$\mathit{\varphi }$ coefficient	Strength of association
$\mathrm{|}\mathit{\varphi }\mathrm{|}<\mathrm{0.1}$	Very weak/negligible association
$\mathrm{0.01}\le \mathrm{|}\mathit{\varphi }\mathrm{|}<\mathrm{0.3}$	Weak association
$\mathrm{0.03}\le \mathrm{|}\mathit{\varphi }\mathrm{|}<\mathrm{0.5}$	Moderate association
$\mathrm{0.5}\le \mathrm{|}\mathit{\varphi }\mathrm{|}<\mathrm{0.7}$	Strong association
$\mathrm{|}\mathit{\varphi }\mathrm{|}\ge \mathrm{0.7}$	Very strong association