Table 5.

Themes about the preference for Pat, group, or Pat plus group sessions.

Preference and topics			Definition		Example quotations		Partial frequency, n (%)
Preference for Pat (total frequency: 45/106, 42.5%)
	Constant availability and accessibility	Assessment of immediate and continuous access: 24/7 support, consultation, or emotional release in critical moments.		“Pat helps you put out those fires in critical moments.” “With Pat available 24/7, you feel supported at all times.” “Pat’s daily contact allowed for a more personal connection to our difficulties.”		18 (40)
	Practical tools and strategies	Pat is perceived as a resource that provides clear, applicable guidelines.		“Pat helps us with specific questions about how to talk to the child or how to handle specific situations.” “I found it very helpful to read and complete the online module with Pat.”		18 (40)
	Emotional support and personalization	Pat offers not only strategies but also support, closeness, and a sense of individualized accompaniment.		“The daily contact with Pat allowed for a more personal understanding of our difficulties.” “It allows me to elaborate more on my daughter's specific needs and behaviors.”		9 (20)
Preference for group sessions (total frequency: 44/106, 41.5%)
	Clear and reliable professional support	The meetings are valued for their technical clarity and the warmth of the professionals, who provide structure, practical guidance, and security in the process.		“I think you are very clear and engaging.” “What I value most is the presence of the professionals.” “The interaction with the specialists is very enriching.”		14 (32)
	Shared learning with other parents	Interaction and exchange with other families are perceived as opportunities for learning, personal relief, and normalization of parenting difficulties.		“Seeing that there are other realities that are the same or even worse made us feel less bad.” “Interacting with and listening to others; the group reinforced theoretical aspects.”		13 (30)
	Emotional support and a sense of belonging	The emotional support received during the meetings is noteworthy, as it generates calm, validation, and a feeling of not being alone in the parenting process.		“Sharing with other parents… helps keep you grounded.” “Group discussions give you peace of mind.”		12 (27)
	In-depth analysis and theoretical framework	The meetings allow for a more reflective approach, with theoretical explanations that enrich the understanding of difficulties and provide a solid conceptual framework.		“The meetings helped me stay focused and try to stick to the treatment.”		5 (11)
Preference for Pat + group sessions (total frequency: 17/106, 16.0%)
	Synergy between Pat and group sessions	The greatest benefit arises from using both modalities together: Pat provides immediate and personalized support, while the meetings provide containment and a human framework.		“Pat complements very well what we are guided by and discussed in the groups.” “Both options complement each other and are essential.”		17 (100)