. 2026 Apr 22;16(23):21079–21098. doi: 10.1039/d5ra09370h

Table 2. In vitro cytotoxicity of the tested compounds M1–M5 against two normal human cell lines: lung-derived fibroblasts (WI-38) and normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) after 48 hours of treatment^b.

Comp.	IC₅₀^a (µM ± SEM)
Comp.	WI-38	MCF-10A
M1	31.22 ± 2.1^*,#	27.51 ± 6.20^NS
M2	27.19 ± 1.8^*,#	81.18 ± 11.62^*,#
M3	62.93 ± 3.5^*,#	55.61 ± 7.59^*
M4	58.66 ± 3.3^*,#	58.41 ± 6.57^*
M5	76.32 ± 3.8^*,#	42.82 ± 7.08 ^NS
Sorafenib	10.65 ± 0.8	47.06 ± 4.99
Doxorubicin	6.72 ± 0.5	12.20 ± 2.64

Data are presented as means of the IC₅₀ values ± SEM based on three independent experiments.

*p < 0.05 from Doxorubicin; ^#p < 0.05 from Sorafenib; “NS” represents non-significant from either Doxorubicin or Sorafenib “p > 0.05” using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Tukey–Kramer test as a post hoc test.

Table 2. In vitro cytotoxicity of the tested compounds M1–M5 against two normal human cell lines: lung-derived fibroblasts (WI-38) and normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) after 48 hours of treatmentb.

Table 2. In vitro cytotoxicity of the tested compounds M1–M5 against two normal human cell lines: lung-derived fibroblasts (WI-38) and normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) after 48 hours of treatment^b.