Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with lean and non-lean metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease after propensity score matching
| Patients, no. (%) | P value | Standard mean difference | ||
| Lean | Non-lean | |||
| Number of patients | 67,519 | 67,519 | ||
| Female | 37,368 (55.3) | 37,732 (55.9) | 0.046 | 0.011 |
| Male | 28,125 (41.7) | 27,849 (41.2) | 0.127 | 0.008 |
| Age at index, mean (SD) | 49.4 (18.6) | 48.0 (17.4) | 0.010 | 0.014 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 9,946 (14.7) | 10,334 (15.3) | 0.003 | 0.016 |
| Not Hispanic | 43,029 (63.7) | 43,338 (64.2) | 0.080 | 0.010 |
| Others | 14,544 (21.5) | 13,847 (20.5) | <0.001 | 0.025 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 41,997 (62.2) | 41,930 (62.1) | 0.707 | 0.002 |
| Black or African American | 6,288 (9.3) | 6,356 (9.4) | 0.525 | 0.003 |
| Asian | 5,996 (8.9) | 5,617 (8.3) | <0.001 | 0.020 |
| Others | 4,431 (6.6) | 4,667 (6.9) | 0.010 | 0.014 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Type 2 diabetes | 13,403 (19.9) | 12,239 (18.1) | <0.001 | 0.044 |
| Hypertension | 23,641 (35.0) | 22,232 (32.9) | <0.001 | 0.044 |
| Dyslipidemia | 17,076 (25.3) | 16,192 (24.0) | <0.001 | 0.030 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 4,807 (7.1) | 4,568 (6.8) | 0.011 | 0.014 |
| Atrial fibrillation and flutter | 3,011 (4.5) | 2,758 (4.1) | 0.001 | 0.019 |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 13,222 (19.6) | 13,624 (20.2) | 0.006 | 0.015 |
| Nicotine dependence | 10,537 (15.6) | 10,859 (16.1) | 0.016 | 0.013 |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 124.8 (18.9) | 127.1 (18.4) | <0.001 | 0.124 |
| Diastolic | 74.6 (12.3) | 76.3 (12.2) | <0.001 | 0.142 |
| Laboratory tests, mean (SD) | ||||
| HbA1c, % | 6.3 (2.0) | 6.3 (1.9) | 0.254 | 0.011 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 44.9 (71.7) | 47.2 (66.9) | <0.001 | 0.034 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 38.8 (71.9) | 37.6 (77.9) | 0.026 | 0.015 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.6 (0.6) | 0.6 (0.5) | <0.001 | 0.066 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.1 (0.6) | 4.1 (0.6) | 0.011 | 0.017 |
| Protein, g/dL | 7.2 (0.8) | 7.2 (0.8) | <0.001 | 0.066 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.4 (2.0) | 13.6 (2.0) | <0.001 | 0.092 |
| Platelets, ×103/µL | 260.9 (84.2) | 263.0 (78.8) | <0.001 | 0.026 |
| Creatine, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.8 (1.2) | 0.173 | 0.009 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 14.2 (7.4) | 14.0 (6.6) | <0.001 | 0.026 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 179.2 (56.2) | 182.5 (52.8) | <0.001 | 0.060 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 159.5 (171.5) | 169.6 (198.5) | <0.001 | 0.055 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 47.7 (20.1) | 45.4 (17.7) | <0.001 | 0.120 |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 101.4 (41.6) | 105.1 (40.0) | <0.001 | 0.092 |
| Prothrombin time (PT) | 13.2 (3.9) | 13.1 (3.9) | 0.005 | 0.029 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.3) | 0.004 | 0.029 |
| Medications | ||||
| Cardiovascular | ||||
| Antiarrhythmics | 26,298 (38.9) | 26,956 (39.9) | <0.001 | 0.020 |
| β-Blockers | 15,882 (23.5) | 15,411 (22.8) | 0.002 | 0.017 |
| Antilipemic agents | 17,667 (26.2) | 16,790 (24.9) | <0.001 | 0.030 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 9,467 (14.0) | 8,985 (13.3) | <0.001 | 0.021 |
| Angiotensin-II inhibitor | 6,634 (9.8) | 6,288 (9.3) | 0.001 | 0.017 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 9,899 (14.7) | 9,623 (14.3) | 0.033 | 0.012 |
| Diuretics | 11,867 (17.6) | 11,426 (16.9) | 0.001 | 0.017 |
| Other antihypertensives | 8,672 (12.8) | 8,575 (12.7) | 0.429 | 0.004 |
| Antidiabetic | ||||
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 9,488 (14.1) | 8,855 (13.1) | <0.001 | 0.027 |
| Insulin | 9,133 (13.5) | 8,698 (12.9) | <0.001 | 0.019 |
| Supplements | ||||
| Vitamin D | 11,342 (16.8) | 11,523 (17.1) | 0.189 | 0.007 |
| Vitamin E | 1,206 (1.8) | 1,219 (1.8) | 0.790 | 0.001 |