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. 2026 Apr 9;17:1805920. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1805920

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Copyright © 2026 Liu, Wang, Li and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Timeline of antimicrobial therapy from Day 1 to Day 120 showing craniotomy, N. farcinica identification, toxicity events, and clinical improvement. — Timeline of antimicrobial therapy and clinical course. Chronological representation from Day 1 to Day 120. Abbreviations: PIP-TAZ, piperacillin-tazobactam; VAN, vancomycin; MEM, meropenem; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (doses as TMP component); AMI, amikacin; IMI, imipenem. Key events: ▲ craniotomy and drainage; ● N. farcinica identification; ★ Grade 3 GI toxicity with TMP-SMX dose reduction; ◆ clinical improvement; ■ discharge; → transition to oral monotherapy.