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. 2026 Apr 9;17:1749224. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1749224

TABLE 2.

Means and standard deviations of scales and sub-scales (N = 205).

Measure Mean SD Cronbach’s alpha
Transgression-related interpersonal motivations inventory 3.16 0.89 0.87
Revenge motivation 2.40 1.35 0.92
Avoidance motivation 3.71 0.95 0.88
Hopelessness from the beck hopelessness scale 1.96 0.59 0.92
The self and interpersonal functioning scale
Self-dysfunction 1.81 0.52 0.72
Interpersonal needs questionnaire 2.77 1.03 0.92
Perceived burdensomeness 2.17 1.23 0.93
Thwarted belongingness 3.17 1.11 0.89
The beck scale for suicide ideation (sum score) 2.63 2.67 0.84