Table 2.

Summary of key clinical studies on cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring in different surgical types.

Surgical type	Author and year	Study design	Sample size	Main conclusions
Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting	Han et al. (2025)	RCT	208	The incidence of postoperative delirium in the NIRS group was lower (12.5% vs. 21.6%), with no significant difference in overall complications
Acute type A aortic dissection surgery	Heuer et al. (2025)	Cohort study	89	rScO₂ <50% during deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass is a key risk factor for postoperative stroke
Thoracic surgery with one-lung ventilation	Roberts et al. (2021)	Cohort study	112	rScO₂-guided management can reduce postoperative delirium and shorten hospital stay
Geriatric orthopedic surgery	Zhu et al. (2021)	RCT	80	The incidence of delayed neurocognitive recovery in the NIRS-guided group was lower (15% vs. 30%)
Geriatric major abdominal surgery	Song et al. (2022)	Prospective study	78	rScO₂ from the hypercapnia test at the end of surgery can predict postoperative delirium