Table 2.
Comparison of biochemical and haematological parameters between patients with and without confirmed leptospirosis
| Haematological/biochemical parameter [reference value] |
Confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis a (n = 79) |
Without a confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis b (n = 91) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | |||
|
WBC (109/L) [4–11] |
10.55 (6.92) | 9.44 (6.82) | 0.17 |
|
Neutrophils (%) [40–75] |
85.35 (14.63) | 79.80 (18.89) | 0.01* |
|
Lymphocytes (%) [10–45] |
9.30 (12.00) | 11.90 (12.95) | 0.02* |
|
Serum creatinine (µmol/L) [60–120] |
122.05 (93.23) | 96.40 (42.50) | < 0.00* |
|
Serum urea (mmol/L) [2.5–6.5] |
10.30 (14.75) | 7.50 (4.69) | 0.00* |
|
Na+ [136–145] |
135.65 (8.70) | 136.45 (4.77) | 0.31 |
|
AST/SGOT (U/L) [10–40] |
60.30 (58.20) | 42.45 (36.78) | 0.00* |
|
ALT/SGPT (U/L) [13–31] |
70.50 (73.27) | 47.50 (35.30) | 0.02* |
|
Total bilirubin (µmol/L) [66–83] |
19.88 (47.57) | 17.88 (25.02) | 0.31 |
|
Direct bilirubin (µmol/L) [5–21] |
9.20 (32.53) | 8.19 (10.84) | 0.38 |
|
CRP (mg/L) [< 0.5] |
171.00 (131.20) | 122.60 (142.10) | 0.00* |
| Mean ± SD | |||
|
Hb (mmol/L) [Male 14.0-17.5 Female 12.3–15.3] |
11.70 (1.99) | 12.32 (1.61) | 0.03* |
|
Platelet (106/L) [150–450] |
98.05 (58.20) | 118.50 (62.38) | 0.02* |
|
K+ [3.5–5.2] |
4.24 (0.67) | 4.10 (1.00) | 0.59 |
a Confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis included patients having symptoms consistent with leptospirosis and positive for any confirmatory assay
b Patients negative for any confirmatory assay (which includes presumptive and unconfirmed cases) *p < 0.05: Mann‒Whitney U test for median comparison, unpaired t test for mean comparison