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. 2026 Mar 30;208(4):e00345-25. doi: 10.1128/jb.00345-25

Fig 5.

Multi-panel visualization of H. volcanii electrochemical activity showing current responses, chromatographic riboflavin detection, iron reduction trends, lactate depletion, stable protein levels, and pH shifts across extracellular electron transfer process.

Evidence of riboflavin secretion by H. volcanii. (A) Current-time curves under different treatments; (B) liquid chromatograms of 0.4 μM riboflavin standard, supernatant of H. volcanii reduced Fe(III) oxides experimental group, supernatant of H. volcanii in bioelectrochemical systems, supernatant from aerobic culture of H. volcanii and blank medium; (C) the ratio of Fe(II)/Fe-total; (D) the concentration of lactate; (E) the concentration of protein; (F) pH. Error bars represent standard deviations from triplicate experiments. There was no significant increase in biomass and pH with or without riboflavin (P > 0.05).