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. 2026 Mar 25;17(4):721–729. doi: 10.7150/jca.119554

Table 3.

Hazard ratios and subdistribution hazard ratios demonstrating association of prior cancer and survival.

No. of breast cancer-specific deaths Breast cancer- specific survival No. of all-cause deaths Overall survival No. of breast-cancer specific deaths Breast cancer- specific survival No. of all-cause deaths Overall survival
Crude HR (95% CI) $Adjusted HR (95% CI)
Full sample of male breast cancer patients demonstrating association of prior cancer compared to those with no prior cancer (n=1923)
Prior cancer 38 0.80 (0.57, 1.12) 150 1.7 (1.39, 1.97)* 34 0.94 (0.66, 1.35) 139 1.31 (1.09, 1.57)
No prior cancer 327 Ref. 754 Ref. 295 Ref. 701 Ref.
Subgroup analyses of male breast cancer patients demonstrating association of prior prostate cancer compared to those without prior cancer (n=1792)
Prior prostate cancer 12 0.55 (0.31, 0.99) 59 1.32 (1.02, 1.70) 10 0.57 (0.31, 1.05) 55 1.01 (0.77, 1.32)
No prior cancer 327 Ref. 754 Ref. 295 Ref. 701 Ref.
Subgroup analyses demonstrating association of time elapsed between prior cancer and index breast cancer with survival (n=241)
≤5 years 22 1.07 (0.57, 2.03) 85 1.01 (0.74, 1.39) 18 0.44 (0.20, 0.94) 77 1.08 (0.77, 1.52)
>5 years 16 Ref. 65 Ref. 16 Ref. 62 Ref.

HR: The HR for breast cancer specific survival represents subdistribution hazard ratio

CI: Confidence Interval

$ Adjusted model for age, breast cancer stage, and tumor size.

*Indicates p-value <0.01