Table 3.

Association between mental illness diagnosis and flourishing.

	Model 4		Model 5
	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI
Agea	1.05*	[1.04–1.05]	1.05*	[1.05–1.06]
Gender
Male (ref)	1.00		1.00
Female	1.11*	[1.06–1.15]	1.12*	[1.06–1.15]
Gender diverse	0.48*	[0.44–0.53]	0.50*	[0.44–0.53]
Race/ethnicity
White (ref)	1.00		1.00
Black	1.10	[1.03–1.17]	1.09	[1.03–1.16]
Hispanic/Latin(x)	0.81	[0.76–0.86]	0.80	[0.75–0.85]
Asian/Asian American	0.57*	[0.54–0.61]	0.56*	[0.53–0.60]
American Indian/Native American	0.87	[0.59–1.28]	0.85	[0.58–1.26]
Pacific Islander	1.09	[0.70–1.72]	1.09	[0.69–1.70]
Middle East	0.74*	[0.64–0.86]	0.74*	[0.64–0.85]
Other/multiple	0.85*	[0.80–0.90]	0.85*	[0.80–0.90]
Current financial stress
Always (ref)	1.00		1.00
Often*	1.32*	[1.25–1.41]	1.32*	[1.25–1.41]
Sometimes*	2.01*	[1.89–2.13]	2.01*	[1.90–2.13]
Rarely*	2.71*	[2.54–2.89]	2.70*	[2.54–2.89]
Never*	3.67*	[3.38–3.98]	3.69*	[3.40–4.00]
Self-reported diagnoses
No self-reported depression	1.00		1.00
Self-reported depression	0.45*	[0.42–0.47]	0.47*	[0.45–0.50]
No self-reported anxiety	1.00		1.00
Self-reported anxiety	0.88*	[0.84–0.92]	0.95	[0.84–1.00]
Past year mental health treatment
No psychiatric medication (ref)			1.00
Psychiatric medication			0.91*	[0.86–0.96]
Missing			0.81*	[0.73–0.91]
No therapy (ref)			1.00
Therapy			0.86*	[0.82–0.90]
Missing			1.05	[0.91–1.20]

Notes: Healthy Minds Study 2022–23 Dataset; Data and analyses are observed at the individual-level.

OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; Ref = reference group; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.

^aOdds ratio for 1 unit increase.

^*Statistically significant at a p < 0.05 level.