Figure 1.

SCWs of differentiating zinnia TE cell cultures stained with calcofluor and auramine-O to simultaneously detect cellulose and lignin, respectively. Cells were visualized at 48 (A–C), 60 (D–F), and 72 h (G–I) under bright-field conditions (A, D, and G), UV light (B, E, and H), and blue light (C, F, and I). Under UV light, cellulosic primary walls are dark blue (B, E, and H), whereas secondary wall thickenings of TEs appear as light blue (E and H). Under blue light, lignified wall thickenings are yellow (I). These three time points subsequently defined the three stages used to construct the LXL library. Magnification bars = 8 μm.