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. 2026 Apr 10;17:1816023. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1816023

FIGURE 4.

Panel A shows a photographic scale of apples with severity index ranging from 0, indicating healthy, to 6, indicating severe decay. Panel B presents two vertical bar graphs depicting severity index for various apple samples at 14 and 9 days post-inoculation, with error bars and statistical notations. Panel C displays a clustered bar graph comparing percentages of asymptomatic fruit across different apple samples at 14 and 9 days post-inoculation. Panel D features a grouped bar graph comparing severity index between Gram-positive and Gram-negative treatments at both timepoints, highlighting significant differences. Panel E shows a similar bar graph for percent asymptomatic fruit with non-significant results.

Antagonistic activity of bacterial and yeast isolates against E. amylovora in immature “Pink Lady” apples under pre-inoculation conditions. (A) Severity index scale used for symptom rating in apple fruitlets. (B) Mean severity index values (±standard deviation) from 5 fruit per isolate and (C) percent asymptomatic fruit at 9 and 14 dpi. (D,E) Effect of organism type (Gram-positives, G+; Gram-negatives, G–) in mean severity index (D) and percentage of asymptomatic fruit (E). Each dot is a mean value from 5 fruit. Asterisks denote treatments significantly reducing disease severity (B) or differences between G+ and G– organisms (DE) at 9 and 14 dpi: *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. Gram-positive isolates: Microbacterium sp. 2173; Microbacterium sp. ABR10, Priestia sp. ABR6, Curtobacterium sp. ABR8; Bacillus sp. 2175, Bacillus sp. BWC; Gram-negatives: Rahnella sp. EL51, Erwinia sp. 2186; Pantoea sp. ABR1b, Pantoea sp. ABR1s, Pseudomonas sp. ABR5, Pseudomonas sp. 2180; yeast: Rhodotorula sp. 2176.